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(I love Angola)
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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
 
{{Coord|12|30|S|18|30|E|display=title}}
 
{{Infobox country
 
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Angola
 
|common_name = Angola
 
|native_name = ''República de Angola'' ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]])
 
''Repubilika ya Ngola''
 
([[Kikongo language|Kikongo]], [[Kimbundu language|Kimbundu]], [[Umbundu language|Umbundu]])
 
|image_flag = Flag of Angola.svg<!-- DO NOT ADD the proposed flag; you WILL be reverted and warned! -->
 
|image_coat = Coat of arms of Angola.svg
 
|symbol_type = Emblem
 
|national_motto = {{vunblist |{{native phrase|la|Virtus Unita Fortior|italics=on|nolink=on}} |{{small|({{lang-en|"Virtue is stronger when united"}})}}}}
 
|national_anthem = ''[[Angola Avante]]''<br>{{small|Onwards Angola}}<br><center>[[File:AngolaAvante.ogg]]</center>
 
|image_map = Location Angola AU Africa.svg
 
|map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=dark blue |region=the [[African Union]] |region_color=light blue}}
 
|capital = [[Luanda]]
 
|coordinates = {{Coord|8|50|S|13|20|E|type:city}}
 
|largest_city = capital
 
|official_languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
 
|national_languages = {{collapsible list
 
|titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
 
|title = [[Languages of Angola|6 languages]]
 
|liststyle = border-top:1px solid #aaa;
 
| [[Kongo language|Kikongo]]|[[Chokwe language|Chokwe]]|[[Umbundu]]|[[Kimbundu]]|[[Ganguela language|Nganguela]]|[[Kwanyama dialect|Kwanyama]]
 
}}
 
|ethnic_groups = 36% [[Ovimbundu]]<br>25% [[Ambundu]]<br>13% [[Kongo people|Bakongo]]<br>22% other African<br>2% [[Mestiço]]<br>1% [[Overseas Chinese|Chinese]]<br>1% [[White Africans of European ancestry|European]]
 
|ethnic_groups_year = 2000
 
|demonym = Angolan
 
|government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[Presidential system|presidential]] [[republic|constitutional republic]]
 
|leader_title1 = [[President of Angola|President]]
 
|leader_name1 = [[João Lourenço|João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço]]
 
|leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Angola|Vice President]]
 
|leader_name2 = [[Bornito de Sousa]]
 
|legislature = [[National Assembly (Angola)|National Assembly]]
 
|sovereignty_type = [[History of Angola|Formation]]
 
|established_event1 = [[Portuguese Angola|Portuguese colonization]]
 
|established_date1 = 1575
 
|established_event2 = [[Angolan War of Independence|Independence]] from [[Portugal]], under [[People's Republic of Angola|Communist rule]]
 
|established_date2 = 11 November 1975
 
|established_event3 = [[United Nations]] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 397|full membership]]
 
|established_date3 = 22 November 1976
 
|established_event4 = [[Constitution of Angola|Current constitution]]
 
|established_date4 = 21 January 2010
 
|area_km2 = 1246700
 
|area_rank = 22nd
 
|area_sq_mi = 481354
 
|percent_water = negligible
 
|population_estimate =
 
|population_census = 25,789,024<ref name="INE Angola">[http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publicação-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Versão-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf 2014 population census (INE Angola)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506013702/http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf |date=6 May 2016 }}</ref>
 
|population_estimate_year = 2014
 
|population_estimate_rank = 59th
 
|population_census_year = 2014
 
|population_density_km2 = 20.69
 
|population_density_sq_mi = 53.57
 
|population_density_rank = 199th
 
|GDP_PPP = $193.935&nbsp;billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2017/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=36&pr.y=11&sy=2017&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=614&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Angola |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref>
 
|GDP_PPP_year = 2017
 
|GDP_PPP_rank = 64th
 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $6,881<ref name=imf2/>
 
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 107th
 
|GDP_nominal = $122.365 billion<ref name=imf2/>
 
|GDP_nominal_year = 2017
 
|GDP_nominal_rank = 61st
 
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $4,342<ref name=imf2/>
 
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 91st
 
|Gini = 42.7
 
|Gini_year = 2009
 
|Gini_ref = <ref name="wb-gini">{{cite web|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |title=Gini Index |publisher=World Bank |accessdate=2 March 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209003326/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI |archivedate=9 February 2015 }}</ref>
 
|HDI = 0.533<!-- number only -->
 
|HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year -->
 
|HDI_change = increase<!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
 
|HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=21 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme }}</ref>
 
|HDI_rank = 150th
 
|currency = [[Angolan kwanza|Kwanza]]
 
|currency_code = AOA
 
|time_zone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]]
 
|utc_offset = +1
 
|utc_offset_DST =
 
|time_zone_DST =
 
|drives_on = Right
 
|calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Angola|+244]]
 
|cctld = [[.ao]]
 
}}
 
   
  +
{{DisambigLink|description=Watcher|common=his family|link=Giles family|page=Giles}}
'''Angola''' ({{IPAc-en|æ|ŋ|ˈ|ɡ|oʊ|l|ə}}), officially the '''Republic of Angola''' ({{lang-pt|República de Angola}} {{IPA-pt|ɐ̃ˈɡɔlɐ|pron}}; [[Kikongo]], [[Kimbundu]] and [[Umbundu]]: ''Repubilika ya Ngola''), is a [[country]] in [[Southern Africa]]. It is the [[List of African countries by area|seventh-largest]] country in [[Africa]], bordered by [[Namibia]] to the south, the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] to the north, [[Zambia]] to the east, and the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the west. The [[exclave]] province of [[Cabinda Province|Cabinda]] borders the [[Republic of the Congo]] and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and largest city of Angola is [[Luanda]].
 
   
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{{character
Although inhabited since the [[Paleolithic Era]], what is now Angola was molded by [[Portuguese colonization of Africa|Portuguese colonisation]]. It began with, and was for centuries limited to, coastal settlements and [[trading post]]s established starting in the 16th century. In the 19th century, European settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior. The [[Portuguese West Africa|Portuguese colony]], that became Angola did not have its present borders until the early 20th century, because of resistance by groups such as the Cuamato, the [[Oukwanyama|Kwanyama]] and the [[Mbunda people|Mbunda]].
 
  +
|Image = 1rupert giles.jpg
  +
|First = "[[Welcome to the Hellmouth]]"
  +
|Name = Rupert Edmund Giles
  +
|Aliases = Snobby <small>(''used by [[Janna of the Kalderash|Jenny]]'')</small><br />Giles<br />Mr. Giles<br />G <small>(''used by [[Faith Lehane|Faith]]'')</small><br />G-man <small>(''used by [[Alexander Harris|Xander]] & [[Faith Lehane|Faith]]'')</small><br />Captain Slowpoke <small>''(used once by [[Spike]])''</small><br />Crusty Old Alfred<small> (''used by [[Alexander Harris|Xander]]'')</small><ref name="'The Yoko Factor'">"[[The Yoko Factor]]"</ref><br />Guy-iles <small>(''used by the [[Buffybot]]'')</small><ref name="'Intervention'">"[[Intervention]]"</ref><br />Big G <small>(''used once by Xander'')</small><ref name="'No Place Like Home'">"[[No Place Like Home]]"</ref><br />Ripper<br />Rupy <small>(''used by [[Anya Jenkins|Anya]]'')<small>
  +
|Status = Alive (Resurrected in a 12-year-old body)
  +
|Classification = [[Warlock]]<br />[[Fyarl Demon]]<small> (formerly)</small><ref name="'The I in Team'">"[[The I in Team]]"</ref>
  +
|Affiliation = [[Eyghon the Sleepwalker]]<br />[[Scooby Gang]]<br />[[Slayer Organization]]<br />[[Sunnydale High]] faculty<br />[[Watchers Council]]<br />[[Ripper's Crowd]]<br />[[The Magic Box]]<br />[[Devon Coven]]<br />[[Giles family]]
  +
|Known relatives = [[Mr. Giles]] <small>(father)</small><br />[[Edna Giles]] <small>(grandmother)</small><br />[[Lavinia Fairweather]] <small>(great aunt)</small><br />[[Sophronia Fairweather]] <small>(great aunt)</small>
  +
|Powers = Giles' natural and supernatural abilities include:<br/>
  +
* Superior knowledge of demonology, mystical artifacts, and the black arts due to his Watcher training and delving in the black arts during his "Ripper years".
  +
* Genius Level intellect.
  +
* Fluency in several languages (such as Latin, German, Sumerian, and ancient Greek) and special knowledge of history, philosophy, science, and many areas of human knowledge, all due to his studies at Oxford University and his Watcher training.
  +
* Mark of [[Eyghon the Sleepwalker|Eyghon]] tattoo granted him a psychic link with the demon and others bearing the mark, allowing him to experience vague visions.
  +
* Experience in hand-to-hand combat.
  +
* Proficient with melee weapons.
  +
* Talented singer and guitarist.
  +
* Knowledge and experience of fighting the supernatural.
  +
* Temporarily able to employ powerful magicks and teleport when imbued with the powers of the Devon Coven.
  +
* Has a natural affinity for magick, inherited from his family though this remained barely developed until his resurrection as a 12 year old,where he became noticably more adept at magick use.
  +
|Actor = [[Anthony Stewart Head]]<br />J. Anthony McCarthy<ref>''Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight'' motion comics</ref>
   
  +
[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 1)|B1]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 2)|B2]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 3)|B3]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4)|B4]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 5)|B5]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 6)|B6]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 7)|B7]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight|B8]] - [[Angel & Faith|A&F1]] - [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten|B10]] - [[Angel & Faith (Volume 2)|A&F2]]
After a protracted [[Angolan War of Independence|anti-colonial struggle]], independence was achieved in 1975 as the [[Marxist-Leninist]] [[People's Republic of Angola]], a [[one-party state]] supported by the [[Soviet Union]] and [[Cuba]]. The [[Angolan Civil War|civil war]] between the ruling [[People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola]] (MPLA) and the insurgent anti-communist [[National Union for the Total Independence of Angola]] (UNITA), supported by the United States and [[apartheid South Africa]], lasted until 2002. It has since become a relatively stable [[Unitary state|unitary]] [[presidential republic]].
 
 
Angola has vast [[Mineral reserve|mineral]] and [[petroleum reserves]], and its economy is among the fastest-growing in the world, especially since the end of the civil war. But the [[standard of living]] remains low for most of the population, and [[life expectancy]] in Angola is among the lowest in the world, while [[infant mortality]] is among the highest.<ref>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy at birth|year=2014|work=World Fact Book|publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html}}</ref> Angola's economic growth is highly uneven, with most of the nation's [[wealth concentration|wealth concentrated]] in a disproportionately small sector of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2010/04/13/transparency-and-accountability-angola|title=Transparency and Accountability in Angola|website=Human Rights Watch|access-date=1 April 2016}}</ref>
 
 
Angola is a member state of the [[United Nations]], [[OPEC]], [[African Union]], the [[Community of Portuguese Language Countries]], and the [[Southern African Development Community]]. A highly multiethnic country, Angola's 25.8 million people span tribal groups, customs, and traditions. Angolan culture reflects centuries of Portuguese rule, in the predominance of the [[Portuguese language]] and of the [[Catholic Church]].
 
 
==Etymology==
 
The name ''Angola'' comes from the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] colonial name ''[[Angola (Portugal)|Reino de Angola]] (Kingdom of Angola)'', which appeared as early as [[Dias de Novais]]'s 1571 charter.<ref>Heywood, Linda M. & Thornton, John K. (2007) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=S42CypbRTlQC&pg=PA82 Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660]''. Cambridge University Press. p. 82. {{ISBN|0521770653}}</ref> The [[toponym]] was derived by the Portuguese from the title ''[[List of Ngolas of Ndongo|ngola]]'' held by the kings of [[Kingdom of Ndongo|Ndongo]]. Ndongo in the [[highland]]s, between the [[Kwanza River|Kwanza]] and [[Lukala River]]s, was nominally a possession of the [[Kingdom of Kongo]], but was seeking greater independence in the 16th century.
 
 
==History==
 
{{Main article|History of Angola}}
 
 
===Early migrations and political units===
 
[[File:KingdomNdongo1711.png|thumb|left|Territory comprising [[Kingdom of Ndongo]], present-day Angola]]
 
 
Modern Angola was populated predominantly by [[nomad]]ic [[Khoi]] and [[San people|San]] prior to the first [[Bantu migration]]s. The Khoi and San peoples were neither [[pastoralist]]s nor [[cultivator]]s,
 
but [[hunter-gatherer]]s.<ref name="Henderson">{{cite book|last=Henderson|first=Lawrence|title=Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict|date=1979|pages=40–42|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca|isbn=978-0812216202}}</ref> They were displaced by [[Bantu peoples]] arriving from the north, most of whom likely originated in what is today northwestern [[Nigeria]] and southern [[Niger]].<ref name="Miller1">{{cite book|last=Miller|first=Josep h|title=Kings and Kinsmen: Early Mbundu States in Angola|date=1979|pages=55–56|publisher=Cornell University Press|location=Ithaca|isbn=978-0198227045}}</ref> Bantu speakers introduced the cultivation of [[banana]]s and [[taro]], as well as large cattle herds, to Angola's central highlands and the Luanda plain.<ref name=Hendese Bantu established a number of political entities; the best-known of these was the [[Kingdom of the Kongo]], based in Angola, which extended northward to what is now the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], the [[Republic of the Congo]] and [[Gabon]]. It established [[trade route]]s with other city-states and civilisations up and down the coast of southwestern and western Africa and even with [[Great Zimbabwe]] and the [[Mutapa Empire]], although it engaged in little or no transoceanic trade.<ref name="The Story of Africa">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page45.shtml |title=The Story of Africa |publisher=BBC |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> To its south lay the [[Kingdom of Ndongo]], from which the area of the later Portuguese colony was sometimes known as ''Dongo''.{{sfnp|EB|1878}}
 
 
===Portuguese colonisation===
 
{{Main article|Colonial history of Angola|Portuguese Angola}}
 
[[File:Queen Nzinga 1657.png|thumb|[[Queen Nzinga]] in peace negotiations with the Portuguese governor in [[Luanda]], 1657.]]
 
 
[[Kingdom of Portugal|Portuguese]] [[Age of Discovery|explorer]] [[Diogo Cão]] reached the area in 1484.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} The previous year, the Portuguese had established relations with the [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]], which stretched at the time from modern [[Gabon]] in the north to the [[Kwanza River]] in the south. The Portuguese established their primary early trading post at [[Soyo]], which is now the northernmost city in Angola apart from the [[Cabinda Province|Cabinda]] [[exclave]]. [[Paulo Dias de Novais]] founded São Paulo de Loanda ([[Luanda]]) in 1575 with a hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. [[Benguela]] was fortified in 1587 and became a township in 1617.
 
 
The Portuguese established several other settlements, forts and trading posts along the Angolan coast, principally trading in [[Slavery in Angola|Angolan slaves]] for [[Captaincies of Brazil|Brazilian]] [[plantations in the American South|plantations]]. Local slave dealers provided a large number of slaves for the [[Portuguese Empire]],<ref name="Fleisch">{{cite encyclopedia | author = Fleisch, Axel |title = Angola: Slave Trade, Abolition of | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set|editor-last = Shillington | editor-first = Kevin | volume = 1 | pages = 131–133| publisher = Routledge | year = 2004 | isbn = 1-57958-245-1 }}</ref> usually in exchange for manufactured goods from Europe.<ref>{{cite book|title=Angola in the Eighteeth Century: Slave trading in the 1700s |work=Angola President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos Handbook |author=Global Investment and Business Center |publisher=Int'l Business Publications|date=1 January 2006 |page=153|isbn=0739716069}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
 
|accessdate=14 May 2016
 
|page=27
 
|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/AFRICAEXT/Resources/africa-brazil-bridging-chapter2.pdf
 
|title=The History of Brazil–Africa Relations
 
|author=World Bank
 
|work=Bridging the Atlantic
 
}}</ref>
 
 
This part of the [[Atlantic slave trade]] continued until after [[Empire of Brazil|Brazil's]] [[independence of Brazil|independence]] in the 1820s.<ref name="Handbook">{{Cite book| title = Angola, a Country Study | edition = Third | editor-last = Collelo | editor-first = Thomas | year = 1991 | publisher = Department of the Army, [[American University]] | location = Washington, D.C. | series = Area Handbook Series | isbn = 978-0160308444 | pages = 14–26}}</ref>
 
 
Despite Portugal's territorial claims in Angola, its control over much of the country's vast interior was minimal.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} In the 16th century Portugal gained control of the coast through a series of treaties and wars. Life for European colonists was difficult and progress slow. [[John Iliffe (historian)|John Iliffe]] notes that "Portuguese records of Angola from the 16th century show that a great [[famine]] occurred on average every seventy years; accompanied by epidemic disease, it might kill one-third or one-half of the population, destroying the demographic growth of a generation and forcing colonists back into the river valleys".<ref>Iliffe, John (2007) [https://books.google.com/books?id=bNGN2URP_rUC ''Africans: the history of a continent'']. Cambridge University Press. p. 68. {{ISBN|0-521-68297-5}}. For valuable complements for the 16th and 17th centuries see Beatrix Heintze, ''Studien zur Geschichte Angolas im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert'', Colónia/Alemanha: Köppe, 1996</ref>
 
[[File:Kongo audience.jpg|thumb|left|An illustration depicting Portuguese encounter with Kongo Royal family.]]
 
During the [[Portuguese Restoration War]], the [[Dutch West India Company]] [[Dutch Loango-Angola|occupied]] the principal settlement of Luanda in 1641, using alliances with local peoples to carry out attacks against Portuguese holdings elsewhere.<ref name="Handbook" /> A fleet under [[Salvador de Sá]] retook Luanda in 1648; reconquest of the rest of the territory was completed by 1650. New treaties with the [[Kingdom of Kongo|Kongo]] were signed in 1649; others with [[Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba|Njinga]]'s Kingdom of [[Matamba]] and [[Ndongo]] followed in 1656. The conquest of [[Pungo Andongo]] in 1671 was the last major Portuguese expansion from Luanda, as attempts to invade Kongo in 1670 and Matamba in 1681 failed. Colonial outposts also expanded inward from Benguela, but until the late 19th century the inroads from Luanda and Benguela were very limited.{{sfnp|EB|1878}} Hamstrung by a series of political upheavals in the early 1800s, Portugal was slow to mount a large scale annexation of Angolan territory.<ref name="Handbook" />
 
 
The [[slave trade]] was abolished in Angola in 1836, and in 1854 the colonial government freed all its existing slaves.<ref name="Handbook" /> Four years later, a more progressive administration appointed by Lisbon abolished [[slavery]] altogether. However, these decrees remained largely unenforceable, and the Portuguese depended on assistance from the [[Royal Navy]] to enforce their ban on the slave trade.<ref name="Handbook" /> This coincided with a series of renewed military expeditions into the [[hinterland]]. By the mid-nineteenth century Portugal had established its dominion as far east as the [[Congo River]] and as far south as [[Mossâmedes]].<ref name="Handbook" /> Until the late 1880s, Lisbon entertained proposals to link Angola with its [[colony]] in [[Mozambique]] but was blocked by British and Belgian opposition.<ref name="Corrado">{{cite book|last=Corrado|first=Jacopo|title=The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870-1920 |date=2008 |pages=11–13|publisher=Cambria Press|location=Amherst, New York|isbn=978-1604975291}}</ref> In this period, the Portuguese came up against different forms of armed resistance from various peoples in Angola.<ref>See René Pélissier, ''Les guerres grises: Résistance et revoltes en Angola, (1845-1941)'', Éditions Pélissier, Montamets, 78630 Orgeval (France), 1977</ref>
 
 
The [[Berlin Conference]] in 1884-1885 set the colony's borders, delineating the boundaries of Portuguese claims in Angola,<ref name="Corrado" /> although many details were unresolved until the 1920s.<ref>See René Pélissier, ''La colonie du Minotaure. Nationalismes et révoltes en Angola (1926-1961)'', éditions Pélissier, Montamets, 78630 Orgeval (France), 1979</ref> Trade between Portugal and her African territories also rapidly increased as a result of protective [[tariff]]s, leading to increased development, and a wave of new Portuguese immigrants.<ref name="Corrado" />
 
 
===Rise of Angolan nationalism===
 
{{Main article|Angolan War of Independence|Portuguese Colonial War}}
 
[[File:Sempreatentos...aoperigo!.jpg|thumb|Portuguese troops on patrol during the [[Portuguese Colonial War]].<!-- Unclear whether this image was taken in Angola or Mozambique -->]]
 
 
Under colonial law, black Angolans were forbidden from forming political parties or labour unions.<ref name="Okoth">{{cite book|last=Okoth|first=Assa|title=A History of Africa: African nationalism and the de-colonisation process|date=2006|pages=143–147|publisher=East African Educational Publishers|location=Nairobi|isbn=9966-25-358-0}}</ref> The first nationalist movements did not take root until after [[World War II]], spearheaded by a largely Westernised, Portuguese-speaking urban class which included many [[mestiço]]s.<ref name="Dowden">{{cite book | author = Dowden, Richard | title = Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles|year= 2010|pages= 207–208 | publisher = Portobello Books| location = London| isbn= 978-1-58648-753-9}}</ref> During the early 1960s they were joined by other associations stemming from ''ad hoc'' labour activism in the rural workforce.<ref name="Okoth" /> Portugal's refusal to address increasing Angolan demands for [[self-determination]] provoked an armed conflict which erupted in 1961 with the [[Baixa de Cassanje revolt]] and gradually evolved into a protracted [[Angolan War of Independence|war of independence]] that persisted for the next twelve years.<ref name="Cornwell">{{cite web
 
|title=The War of Independence|last=Cornwell|first=Richard|url=http://www.issafrica.org/pubs/books/Angola/4cornwell.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221015144/http://www.issafrica.org/pubs/books/Angola/4cornwell.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=21 February 2015|location=Pretoria|publisher=Institute for Security Studies|date=1 November 2000|accessdate=20 February 2015}}</ref> Throughout the conflict, three militant nationalist movements with their own partisan guerrilla wings emerged from the fighting between the Portuguese government and local forces, supported to varying degrees by the [[Portuguese Communist Party]].<ref name="Dowden" /><ref name="Stockwell">{{cite book|title=In Search Of Enemies|last=Stockwell|first=John|location=London|publisher=Futura Publications Limited|year=1979|origyear=1978|isbn=978-0393009262|pages=44–45}}</ref>
 
 
The ''[[FNLA|National Front for the Liberation of Angola]]'' (FNLA) recruited from [[Bakongo]] refugees in [[Zaire]].<ref name="Hanlon">{{cite book|title=Beggar Your Neighbours: Apartheid Power in Southern Africa|last=Hanlon|first=Joseph|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=1986|isbn=978-0253331311|page=155}}</ref> Benefiting from particularly favourable political circumstances in [[Kinshasha|Léopoldville]], and especially from a common border with Zaire, Angolan political exiles were able to build up a power base among a large expatriate community from related families, clans, and traditions.<ref name="Chabal">{{cite book|title=A History of Postcolonial Lusophone Africa|last=Chabal|first=Patrick|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2002|isbn=978-0253215659|page=142}}</ref> People on both sides of the border spoke mutually intelligible dialects and enjoyed shared ties to the historical Kingdom of Kongo.<ref name="Chabal" /> Though as foreigners skilled Angolans could not take advantage of [[Mobutu Sese Seko]]'s state employment programme, some found work as middlemen for the absentee owners of various lucrative private ventures. The migrants eventually formed the FNLA with the intention of making a bid for political power upon their envisaged return to Angola.<ref name="Chabal" />
 
 
A largely [[Ovimbundu]] guerrilla initiative against the Portuguese in central Angola from 1966 was spearheaded by [[Jonas Savimbi]] and the ''[[UNITA|National Union for the Total Independence of Angola]]'' (UNITA).<ref name="Hanlon" /> It remained handicapped by its geographic remoteness from friendly borders, the ethnic fragmentation of the Ovimbundu, and the isolation of peasants on European plantations where they had little opportunity to mobilise.<ref name="Chabal" />
 
[[File:F.N.L.A. in Zaïre.jpg|thumb|left|FNLA insurgents being trained in [[Zaire]] in 1973]]
 
During the late 1950s, the rise of the Marxist-Leninist ''[[MPLA|Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]]'' (MPLA) in the east and Dembos hills north of Luanda came to hold special significance. Formed as a coalition resistance movement by the [[Angolan Communist Party]],<ref name="Cornwell" /> the organisation's leadership remained predominantly [[Ambundu]] and courted public sector workers in [[Luanda]].<ref name="Hanlon" /> Although both the MPLA and its rivals accepted material assistance from the [[Soviet Union]] or the [[People's Republic of China]], the former harboured strong anti-imperialist views and was openly critical of the [[United States]] and its support for Portugal.<ref name="Stockwell" /> This allowed it to win important ground on the diplomatic front, soliciting support from nonaligned governments in [[Morocco]], [[Ghana]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], and the [[United Arab Republic]].<ref name="Cornwell" />
 
 
The MPLA attempted to move its headquarters from [[Conakry]] to Léopoldville in October 1961, renewing efforts to create a common front with the FNLA, then known as the ''Union of Angolan Peoples'' (UPA) and its leader [[Holden Roberto]]. Roberto turned down the offer.<ref name="Cornwell" /> When the MPLA first attempted to insert its own insurgents into Angola, the cadres were ambushed and annihilated by UPA partisans on Roberto's orders—setting a precedent for the bitter factional strife which would later ignite the [[Angolan Civil War]].<ref name="Cornwell" />
 
 
===Civil war===
 
{{Main article|Angolan Civil War}}
 
{{Further information|Alvor Agreement|Cuban intervention in Angola}}
 
[[File:View over Lunda 3.JPG|thumb|Monument to the memory of [[Agostinho Neto]] and Angolan independence, in Luanda]]
 
 
Throughout the war of independence, the three rival nationalist movements were severely hampered by political and military factionalism, as well as their inability to unite guerrilla efforts against the Portuguese.<ref name="Rothschild1">{{cite book|last=Rothschild|first=Donald|title=Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation|date=1997|pages=115–120|publisher=The Brookings Institution|location=Washington|isbn=978-0815775935}}</ref> Between 1961 and 1975 the MPLA, UNITA, and the FNLA competed for influence in the Angolan population and the international community.<ref name="Rothschild1" /> The [[Soviet Union]] and [[Cuba]] became especially sympathetic towards the MPLA and supplied that party with arms, ammunition, funding, and training.<ref name="Rothschild1" /> They also backed UNITA militants until it became clear that the latter was at irreconcilable odds with the MPLA.<ref name="Revolution">{{cite book|last=Domínguez|first=Jorge|title=To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy|date=1989|pages=131–133|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0674893252}}</ref>
 
 
The collapse of Portugal's [[Estado Novo (Portugal)|Estado Novo]] government following the 1974 [[Carnation Revolution]] suspended all Portuguese military activity in Africa and the brokering of a ceasefire pending negotiations for Angolan independence.<ref name="Rothschild1" /> Encouraged by the [[Organisation of African Unity]], Holden Roberto, Jonas Savimbi, and MPLA chairman [[Agostinho Neto]] met in [[Mombasa]] in early January 1975 and agreed to form a coalition government.<ref name="Weigert">{{cite book|title=Angola: A Modern Military History|last=Weigert|first=Stephen|year=2011|location=Basingstoke|publisher=Palgrave-Macmillan
 
|isbn=978-0230117778|pages=56–65}}</ref> This was ratified by the [[Alvor Agreement]] later that month, which called for general elections and set the country's independence date for 11 November 1975.<ref name="Weigert" /> All three factions, however, followed up on the ceasefire by taking advantage of the gradual Portuguese withdrawal to seize various strategic positions, acquire more arms, and enlarge their militant forces.<ref name="Weigert" /> The rapid influx of weapons from numerous external sources, especially the Soviet Union and the United States, as well as the escalation of tensions between the nationalist parties, fueled a new outbreak of hostilities.<ref name="Weigert" /> With tacit American and Zairean support the FNLA began massing large numbers of troops in northern Angola in an attempt to gain military superiority.<ref name="Rothschild1" /> Meanwhile, the MPLA began securing control of Luanda, a traditional Ambundu stronghold.<ref name="Rothschild1" /> Sporadic violence broke out in Luanda over the next few months after the FNLA attacked MPLA forces in March 1975.<ref name="Weigert" /> The fighting intensified with street clashes in April and May, and UNITA became involved after over two hundred of its members were massacred by an MPLA contingent that June.<ref name="Weigert" /> An upswing in Soviet arms shipments to the MPLA influenced a decision by the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] to likewise provide substantial covert aid to the FNLA and UNITA.<ref name="Vanneman">{{cite book|last=Vanneman|first=Peter|title=Soviet Strategy in Southern Africa: Gorbachev's Pragmatic Approach|date=1990|pages=48–49|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|location=Stanford|isbn=978-0817989026}}</ref>
 
 
In August 1975, the MPLA requested direct assistance from the Soviet Union in the form of ground troops.<ref name="Vanneman" /> The Soviets declined, offering to send advisers but no troops; however, Cuba was more forthcoming and in late September dispatched nearly five hundred combat personnel to Angola, along with sophisticated weaponry and supplies.<ref name="Revolution" /> By independence there were over a thousand Cuban soldiers in the country.<ref name="Vanneman" /> They were kept supplied by a massive [[Cuba–Angola airbridge|airbridge]] carried out with Soviet aircraft.<ref name="Vanneman" /> The persistent buildup of Cuban and Soviet military aid allowed the MPLA to drive its opponents from Luanda and blunt an abortive intervention by Zairean and [[South Africa]]n troops, which had deployed in a belated attempt to assist the FNLA and UNITA.<ref name="Weigert" /> The FNLA was largely annihilated, although UNITA managed to withdraw its civil officials and militia from Luanda and seek sanctuary in the southern provinces.<ref name="Rothschild1" /> From there, Savimbi continued to mount a determined insurgent campaign against the MPLA.<ref name="Vanneman" />
 
[[File:FAPLA car burning.PNG|thumb|left|An MPLA staff car burns after being destroyed in the fighting outside Novo Redondo (present day [[Sumbe]]) in late 1975.]]
 
Between 1975 and 1991, the MPLA implemented an economic and political system based on the principles of [[scientific socialism]], incorporating [[Planned economy|central planning]] and a [[Marxist–Leninist]] [[one-party state]].<ref name="Arming">{{cite book|last=Ferreira|first=Manuel|editor-last1=Brauer|editor-first1=Jurgen|editor-last2=Dunne|editor-first2=J. Paul|title=Arming the South: The Economics of Military Expenditure, Arms Production and Arms Trade in Developing Countries|date=2002|publisher=Palgrave-Macmillan|location=Basingstoke|isbn=978-0-230-50125-6|pages=251–255}}</ref> It embarked on an ambitious programme of [[Nationalization|nationalisation]], and the domestic private sector was essentially abolished.<ref name="Arming" /> Privately owned enterprises were nationalised and incorporated into a single umbrella of state-owned enterprises known as ''Unidades Economicas Estatais'' (UEE).<ref name="Arming" /> Under the MPLA, Angola experienced a significant degree of modern [[industrialisation]].<ref name="Arming" /> However, corruption and graft also increased and public resources were either allocated inefficiently or simply embezzled by officials for personal enrichment.<ref name="SSG1">{{cite book|last=Akongdit|first=Addis Ababa Othow|title=Impact of Political Stability on Economic Development: Case of South Sudan|date=2013|pages=74–75|publisher=AuthorHouse Ltd, Publishers|location=Bloomington|isbn=978-1491876442}}</ref> The ruling party survived an attempted coup d'état by the [[Maoism|Maoist]]-oriented [[Communist Organization of Angola|Communist Organisation of Angola]] (OCA) in 1977, which was suppressed after a series of bloody political purges left thousands of OCA supporters dead.<ref name="Tucker1">{{cite book|last=Tucker|first=Spencer|title=Encyclopedia of Insurgency and Counterinsurgency: A New Era of Modern Warfare|date=2013|pages=374–375|publisher=ABC-CLIO Ltd, Publishers|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=978-1610692793}}</ref>
 
 
The MPLA abandoned its former Marxist ideology at its third party congress in 1990, and declared [[social democracy]] to be its new platform.<ref name="Tucker1" /> Angola subsequently became a member of the [[International Monetary Fund]]; restrictions on the market economy were also reduced in an attempt to draw foreign investment.<ref name="Tordoff1">{{cite book|last=Tordoff|first=William|title=Government and Politics in Africa|edition=Third|date=1997|pages=97–98|publisher=Palgrave-Macmillan|location=Basingstoke|isbn=978-0333694749}}</ref> By May 1991 it reached a peace agreement with UNITA, the [[Bicesse Accords]], which scheduled [[Angolan general election, 1992|new general elections]] for September 1992.<ref name="Tordoff1" /> When the MPLA secured a major electoral victory, UNITA objected to the results of both the presidential and legislative vote count and returned to war.<ref name="Tordoff1" />
 
 
===Ceasefire with UNITA===
 
{{Main article|2000s in Angola}}
 
[[File:Cabinda, R. Congo, D.R. Congo, Angola.png|thumb|{{legend|#ff0000|[[Cabinda Province]]}}{{legend|#00ff00|Republic of the Congo}}{{legend|#0000ff|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}{{legend|#ff00ff|The rest of Angola}}]]
 
 
On 22 March 2002, Jonas Savimbi was killed in action against government troops. UNITA and the MPLA reached a cease-fire shortly afterwards. UNITA gave up its armed wing and assumed the role of a major opposition party. Although the political situation of the country began to stabilise, regular democratic processes did not prevail until the [[elections in Angola]] in 2008 and 2012 and the adoption of a new [[Constitution of Angola|constitution]] in 2010, all of which strengthened the prevailing [[dominant-party system]].
 
 
Angola has a serious humanitarian crisis; the result of the prolonged war, of the abundance of [[minefield]]s, of the continued political (and to a much lesser degree) military activities in favour of the independence of the [[exclave]] of [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]] (carried out in the context of the protracted [[Cabinda Conflict]] by the [[Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda]], (FLEC)), but most of all, by the depredation of the country's rich mineral resources by the régime.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} While most of the internally displaced have now settled around the capital, in the so-called ''[[wikt:musseque|musseque]]s'', the general situation for Angolans remains desperate.<ref>Lari (2004), Human Rights Watch (2005)</ref><ref>For an overall analysis see Ricardo Soares de Oliveira, Magnificant and Beggar Land: Angola since the Civil War, London: Hurst, 2015</ref>
 
 
[[Drought]] in 2016 caused the worst food crisis in [[Southern Africa]] in 25 years. Drought affected 1.4 million people across seven of Angola's 18 provinces. Food prices rose and acute [[malnutrition]] rates doubled, with more than 95,000 children affected. [[Food insecurity]] was expected{{by whom|date=December 2016}} to worsen from July to December 2016.<ref>{{cite web
 
| url = http://theguardian.com/global-development/2016/may/22/southern-africa-worst-global-food-crisis-25-years
 
| title = How southern Africa is coping with worst global food crisis for 25 years
 
| publisher = The Guardian
 
| quote = Drought is affecting 1.4 million people across seven of Angola’s 18 provinces. Food prices have rocketed and acute malnutrition rates have doubled, with more than 95,000 children affected. Food insecurity is expected to worsen from July to the end of the year.
 
| access-date = 31 December 2016
 
 
}}
 
}}
</ref>
 
   
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{{Quote|You have a father's love for the [[Buffy Summers|child]]. That is useless to the cause.|[[Quentin Travers]] to Giles.|Helpless}}
==Geography==
 
{{Main article|Geography of Angola}}
 
   
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'''Rupert Edmund Giles''' was the [[Watcher]] and father figure of [[Slayer]] [[Buffy Summers]], the former librarian of [[Sunnydale High School]], and the occult expert of the [[Scooby Gang]]. Born into a family who worked for the [[Watchers Council]] for three generations, Giles initially rebelled against his family legacy and became a rogue magician, until the death of a close friend led him to return to the Council's fold. Nevertheless, he would retain his rebellious streak, and a fierce, ruthless devotion to his loved ones. As the Watcher of Buffy Summers, Giles developed a father-like bond with his charge, not only training her but also fighting by her side and openly defying the Council in order to save Buffy's life, which ultimately led to his dismissal from the Council.
At {{convert|481321|sqmi|km2|disp=flip|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html|title=CIA – The World Factbook – Country Comparison :: Area |publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency|accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> Angola is the world's twenty-third largest country. It is comparable in size to Mali, or twice the size of France or Texas. It lies mostly between latitudes [[4th parallel south|4°]] and [[18th parallel south|18°S]], and longitudes [[12th meridian east|12°]] and [[24th meridian east|24°E]].
 
   
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Fired from the Council, Giles remained as a member of the Scooby Gang for two more years, trying to find his way even after being reinstated in his position as Watcher. He left [[Sunnydale]] in 2001 when he came to the realization that he had to leave Buffy so she would embrace the responsibilities of adulthood. He returned to Sunnydale the next year to stop [[Willow Rosenberg]] from destroying the world and nearly lost his life in the process. After she was stopped, Giles took her to England to aid her in her rehabilitation and coming to terms with her power.
Angola is bordered by [[Namibia]] to the south, [[Zambia]] to the east, the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] to the north-east and the [[South Atlantic Ocean]] to the west. The coastal [[exclave]] of [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]] in the north, borders the [[Republic of the Congo]] to the north, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cabinda|publisher=Global Security|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cabinda.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708141035/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/cabinda.htm|archivedate=8 July 2014|deadurl=no}}</ref> Angola's capital, [[Luanda]], lies on the Atlantic coast in the northwest of the country.
 
   
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When the [[First Evil]] began its campaign and had the Watchers Council destroyed, Giles gathered a group of [[Potential Slayers]] and returned to Sunnydale to prepare for the coming battle. However, he came into conflict with Buffy regarding the [[vampire]] [[Spike]], whom Giles considered a potential threat. When Buffy's leadership was questioned by her friends and allies, Giles sided against Buffy but reconciled with her when Buffy devised a plan that would allow the Scoobies to defeat the First.
<gallery mode="packed" caption="Geography of Angola">
 
File:Beach of Coatinha in Benguela, Angola.jpg|Coatinha beach in [[Benguela]].
 
File:Miradouro da Lua (Angola).jpg|Miradouro da Lua on the south coast of [[Luanda]].
 
File:Epupa Falls 2.jpg|[[Epupa Falls]], [[Cunene River]] on the border of Angola and [[Namibia]].
 
File:Black Stones Pungo Adongo.JPG|[[Black Stones of Pungo Adongo]] near Malage, Angola.
 
File:Angola Topography.png|Topographic map of Angola.
 
</gallery>
 
   
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When the power of the Slayer was activated in all potential Slayers throughout the world, Giles helped Buffy create the [[Slayer Organization]], though in secret he sent Slayer [[Faith Lehane]] to eliminate a rogue Slayer. After Buffy discovered Giles had gone behind her back, they were not on speaking terms for a while, and Giles joined Faith as the two sought troubled new Slayers to help them come to terms with their powers and prevent them from falling into the path Faith had fallen to in the past. A short time later however, as the [[Twilight]] crisis came to the near destruction of the world, Giles was murdered by [[Angel]], who was possessed by the sentience of a newly created universe.
==Climate==
 
{{Main article|Climate of Angola}}
 
[[File:Angola map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|Angola map of Köppen climate classification.]]
 
   
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Angel and Faith worked tirelessly the next year to resurrect and bring back Giles despite it being a near-impossible task in a [[end of magic|world without magic]]. Angel figured out a way through the [[Tooth of Ammuk]], a magical artifact that would gather pieces of his soul through magical artifacts. Giles' soul was snatched away for eternal torment by [[Eyghon the Sleepwalker]] and briefly inhabited in Angel's own body. After finding a proper incantation, Giles' was successfully brought back to life. However, the spell had backfired through the [[Lavinia Fairweather|Fairweather]] [[Sophronia Fairweather|sisters]] involvement in the ritual and Giles was forced to deal with the stressful return to his twelve-year old body, but with his memories, intellect, and experience still intact. Feeling purposeless and disconnected, Giles nevertheless chose to aide Angel and Faith from stopping [[Whistler]]'s release of deadly magical all over the world. After the battle was won, Giles briefly helped them with the changed people of London but nonetheless chose to part from Angel with Faith, seeing that the place he was at his best was with Buffy.
Angola, although located in a [[tropical zone]], has a climate that is not characterized for this region, due to the confluence of three factors:
 
   
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==Biography==
*The [[Benguela Current]], cold, along the southern part of the coast;
 
  +
===Early life===
*The relief in the interior;
 
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{{Quote|Giles at sixteen? Less 'Together Guy', more 'Bad-Magic-Hates-the-World-Ticking-Time-Bomb Guy.'|[[Buffy Summers|Buffy]], summarizing Giles' rebellious youth|Band Candy}}
*Influence of the [[Namib Desert]] in the southwest.
 
   
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Rupert was born in 1954 into an upper-class family in London, England. His family had worked within the Watchers Council for at least three generations; both his father and grandmother, [[Edna Giles]], were also Watchers, though his great-aunts, [[Lavinia Fairweather|Lavinia]] and [[Sophronia Fairweather|Sophie Fairweather]], instead used their magical prowess to remain forever young and pursue carefree lives as hedonists. [[File:GilesChild.png|thumb|left|255px|As a child.]]Although as a child Giles dreamed of being either "a fighter pilot or perhaps a green-grocer," being a Watcher was a calling, much as being a [[Slayer]] was, and Rupert's father explained his destiny to him when he was ten years old.<ref>"[[Never Kill a Boy on the First Date]]"</ref> However, any chance of Rupert having a normal life ended when, as a child, he used the [[Shard of Stronnos]] to turn a light demon that was attacking his aunts into a solid form that they could kill, his use of such powerful magic at such a young age confirming his potential, prompting his father to send him immediately to the [[Watchers Academy]] where his aunts would have preferred him to have more time as a child before taking on such a responsibility.<ref>''[[Women of a Certain Age]]''</ref>
As a result, Angola's climate is characterized by two seasons: rainfall from October to April and drought, known as ''Cacimbo'', from May to August, drier, as the name implies, and with lower temperatures. On the other hand, while the coastline has high rainfall rates, decreasing from North to South and from 800&nbsp;mm to 50&nbsp;mm, with average annual temperatures above 23&nbsp;°C, the interior zone can be divided into three areas:
 
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[[File:Screen_Shot_2013-04-08_at_1.08.02_AM.png|thumb|Giles witnesses the slaughter of his classmates.]]
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In 1972, as part of his Watcher training, Rupert, along with four other Watchers-in-training, was dispatched to the Highgate Cemetery to deal with the mysterious "[[Highgate Vampire]]." As it turned out, the Council had sent them out to deal with the threat on faulty intelligence, and the "[[vampire]]" turned out to be a [[Lorophage Demon]], a powerful and deadly insectoid demon that fed on the traumatic memories and experiences of humans, driving them insane and killing them in the process. The Lorophage killed the other four Watchers-in-training and began to feed on Rupert, but two elder Watchers, one of them Rupert's own father, arrived and fought the Lorophage off before it could complete the process. Giles lost his innocence that day and his already-tense relationship with his father only worsened. Because of the incident with the Lorophage, Giles chose to turn his back on his destiny and follow his own path.<ref name="Daddy Issues, Part One">"[[Daddy Issues, Part One]]"</ref>
   
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[[File:Ripper.jpg|thumb|left|A photograph of Giles in his 20s]]
*North, with high rainfall and high temperatures;
 
*Central Plateau, with a dry season and average temperatures of the order of 19&nbsp;°C;
 
*South with very high thermal amplitudes due to the proximity of the [[Kalahari Desert]] and the influence of masses of tropical air.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Mulenga, Henry Mubanga|year=1999|title=Southern African climate anomalies, summer rainfall and the Angola low|series=PhD Dissertation|publisher=University of Cape Town|oclc=85939351}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Jury, M. R. |author2=Matari, E .E. |author3=Matitu, M. |year=2008|title=Equatorial African climate teleconnections|journal=Theoretical and Applied Climatology|volume=95|issue=3–4|pages=407–416|doi=10.1007/s00704-008-0018-4|bibcode=2009ThApC..95..407J}}</ref>
 
   
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In 1975, Rupert was a rebellious youth, rejecting his responsibility as a Watcher and dropping out of his attempt at a history degree at [[Wikipedia:Oxford University|Oxford University]] when he was twenty-one. He delved into dark magics and befriended a group of young people who delved into the dark arts for fun or money: [[Ethan Rayne]], [[Philip Henry]], [[Dierdre Page]], [[Thomas Sutcliffe]], and [[Randall]]. Rupert gained the nickname "Ripper" during this time. Together, they summoned a particularly grotesque demon called [[Eyghon]] and continued to explore dark magics. 
==Politics==
 
{{Main article|Politics of Angola}}
 
{{See also|Elections in Angola|Constitution of Angola|List of political parties in Angola||Foreign relations of Angola|List of diplomatic missions of Angola}}
 
[[File:Vladimir Putin with Jose Eduardo dos Santos-1.jpg|thumb|left|[[José Eduardo dos Santos]] meets with [[Vladimir Putin]].]]
 
[[File:Angola National Assembly Building (19898889148).jpg|thumb|left|The National Assembly building in Luanda was built by a Portuguese company in 2013 at a cost of US$185 million]]
 
   
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During this time, Ripper employed tales of demons and dark magics and also claimed to be a founding member of [[Wikipedia:Pink Floyd|Pink Floyd]] in order to impress girls, although he later admitted this was untrue. He delved into minor criminal activity, primarily stealing cars, but most likely for joyriding.<ref name="'Dead Man's Party'">"[[Dead Man's Party]]"</ref> Following the death of Randall, Ethan and the others failed to exorcise Eyghon, Rupert halted his dark magic dabbling and started his own Punk band named ''Wretched. ''He ran into Edna after many years who expressed to him her worry for Giles and encouraged him to become a watcher. Giles rejected it at first, showing her his Mark of Eyghon and how unworthy he felt over mentoring a slayer.<ref name="ReferenceA">"[[Death and Consequences, Part Three]]"</ref> Edna was angry and remarked his mistakes in his youth made him perfect to be a watcher so he could have insight over them not making the same decisions. He showed his guilt over the deaths of his friends because of his recklessness, causing his grandmother to say he could accept his destiny to redeem himself.<ref>"[[Death and Consequences, Part Four]]"</ref> Rupert accepted his destiny of becoming a Watcher in 1980.<ref>"[[Welcome to the Hellmouth]]"</ref> His mentor in the Watchers Council was [[Archibald Lassiter|Archie Lassiter]].<ref>''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Giles]]''</ref>
The Angolan government is composed of three branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. The executive branch of the government is composed of the President, the Vice-Presidents and the Council of Ministers. The legislative branch comprises a 220-seat [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] legislature elected from both provincial and nationwide constituencies. For decades, political power has been concentrated in the presidency.
 
   
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{{Quote|You were a young fool who felt immortal, did remarkably ill-advised things, and it cost people their lives, eh? You bloody idiot. The doesn't disqualify you from being a watcher. It makes you perfectly suited to mentor a slayer. They're young girls granted tremendous power. Who can relate to them better? A man like your father, who's done the right and proper thing his entire life? Or you?|Edna to Giles|Death and Consequences, Part Four}}
The [[Constitution of Angola|Constitution of 2010]] establishes the broad outlines of government structure and delineates the rights and duties of citizens. The legal system is based on Portuguese law and customary law but is weak and fragmented, and courts operate in only 12 of more than 140 municipalities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Angola|url=https://www.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/angola/19488.htm|website=State.gov|publisher=US Department of State|accessdate=22 November 2016}}</ref> A Supreme Court serves as the appellate tribunal; a Constitutional Court does not hold the powers of [[judicial review]].<ref name="CIA" /> Governors of the 18 provinces are appointed by the president.
 
   
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At some point Giles acquired homes around the south of England, including properties in Bath, Devon and Westbury, in addition to his family home in London.
After the end of the civil war the regime came under pressure from within as well as from the international community to become more democratic and less authoritarian. Its reaction was to implement a number of changes without substantially changing its character.<ref>Péclard, Didier (ed.) (2008) ''L'Angola dans la paix: Autoritarisme et reconversions'', special issue of ''Politique africains'' (Paris), p. 110.</ref>
 
   
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===Watcher to Buffy Summers===
Angola is classified as 'not free' by [[Freedom House]] in the [[Freedom in the World]] 2014 report.<ref name="freedomhouse">{{cite web|title=Angola|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2014/angola|work=Freedom in the World 2014|publisher=Freedom House|accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> The report noted that the [[Angolan legislative election, 2012|August 2012 parliamentary elections]], in which the ruling [[Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]] won more than 70% of the vote, suffered from serious flaws, including outdated and inaccurate voter rolls.<ref name="freedomhouse" /> Voter turnout dropped from 80% in 2008 to 60%.<ref name="freedomhouse" />
 
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[[File:Gilesdebut.jpg|thumb|left|Giles meets his Slayer, Buffy Summers, for the first time]]
   
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At the behest of the Watchers Council, Giles traveled to [[Sunnydale]], California, and took up the post of librarian at the local high school. There, he met the Slayer, Buffy Summers, whom he began to train. The library, a sort of command center for Buffy and her friends who became known as the [[Scooby Gang]], sat right above the [[Hellmouth]]. He was a father figure to Buffy and an adviser to her friends [[Xander Harris]] and [[Willow Rosenberg]], together forming the "core four" of the Scooby Gang. He also shared an attraction with computer science teacher, [[Janna of the Kalderash|Jenny Calendar]], and developed a friendship with Angel, a vampire with a [[soul]] sent to aid Buffy, who shared a mutual attraction with him. While researching [[the Master]], Giles and Angel discovered a prophecy in the [[Pergamum Codex]] that stated that Buffy would face the Master and be killed by him. When Buffy learned of this, she decided to quit being the Slayer altogether; thus, Giles, realizing that he has spent too much time in his books, decided to fight the Master in her place. However, Buffy ultimately accepted her fate, and knocked Giles out with a single punch when he attempted to intervene. Subsequently, a demon known as the [[Hellmouth Spawn]] emerged from the floor and attacked Giles, Willow, [[Cordelia Chase]], and Jenny, but they were saved when Buffy killed the Master.
Angola scored poorly on the 2013 [[Ibrahim Index of African Governance]]. It was ranked 39 out of 52 [[sub-Saharan Africa]]n countries, scoring particularly badly in the areas of participation and human rights, sustainable economic opportunity and human development. The Ibrahim Index uses a number of variables to compile its list which reflects the state of governance in Africa.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag/ | title=Ibrahim Index of African Governance | publisher=Mo Ibrahim Foundation | accessdate=9 August 2014}}</ref>
 
[[File:José Eduardo dos Santos 3.jpg|thumb|right|[[José Eduardo dos Santos]], second President of Angola from 1979 to 2017.]]
 
   
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[[File:BuffyJennyGiles.jpg|thumb|Giles and Jenny fall in love]]
The [[Constitution of Angola|new constitution]], adopted in 2010, did away with presidential elections, introducing a system in which the president and the vice-president of the political party that wins the parliamentary elections automatically become president and vice-president. Directly or indirectly, the president controls all other organs of the state, so there is ''de facto'' no [[separation of powers]].<ref>Miranda, Jorge (2010) "A Constituição de Angola de 2010", ''O Direito'' (Lisbon), vol. 142.</ref> In the classifications used in constitutional law, this government falls under the category of ''authoritarian regime''.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}
 
   
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When Buffy returned from Summer vacation, Giles' constant pressuring of her to hold to her Slayer duties led to her directly disobeying him and attending a party at the [[Delta Zeta Kappa]] fraternity, where she and Cordelia were nearly sacrificed to the demon [[Machida]]. After being scolded by Willow, Giles assisted in saving Buffy and decided to stop pushing Buffy so hard.<ref>"[[Reptile Boy]]"</ref> When Ethan Rayne came to Sunnydale to flee the demon Ehygon, Giles shamefully admitted to Buffy that he was responsible for summoning the demon in his youth and was horrified when Jenny became possessed by Ehygon. Although Ehygon was defeated, Jenny took time to cope with her ordeal, retaining distance from Giles in the process. Eventually, Jenny revealed she was actually a member of the [[Clan Kalderash|Kalderash gypsy clan]], sent to keep an eye on Buffy's relationship with the vampire, Angel, whom they cursed with a soul. Giles felt betrayal when he learned that Jenny knew that if Buffy gave Angel a moment of pure happiness, he would lose his soul. When Angel lost his soul and murdered Jenny, leaving her corpse for Giles to find in his apartment,<ref name="'Passion'">"[[Passion]]"</ref> Giles sought revenge by burning down Angel's home, and suicidally taking the vampire on, only being saved when Buffy arrived, punching Giles out for doing so, telling him that he could not leave her alone. Later, Angel kidnapped and tortured Giles in order to get information on how to awaken the demon [[Acathla]]. As Giles refused to reveal anything, the vampire [[Drusilla]] hypnotized him into seeing her as Jenny, convincing him to tell what he knew. Buffy was forced to kill Angel, and subsequently left Sunnydale an emotional wreck.
On 16 October 2014, Angola was elected for the second time as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, with 190 favourable votes out of 193. The mandate began on 1 January 2015 and lasts for two years.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/16/us-un-securitycouncil-election-idUSKCN0I522T20141016 Venezuela, Malaysia, Angola, N.Z., Spain win U.N. Council seats] Reuters, 16 October 2014</ref>
 
   
  +
[[File:Buffy-the-Vampire-Slayer-buffy-the-vampire-slayer-20367845-500-606.jpg|thumb|left|Because of bewitched chocolates, Giles was reverted to his teenage persona, and romanced Joyce Summers]]
Also that month, the country took on the leadership of the African ministers and governors at the [[International Monetary Fund]] and the [[World Bank]], following debates at the annual meetings of both entities.<ref>[http://www.rna.ao/canalA/noticias.cgi?ID=95233 Angola assume presidência do grupo africano junto do FMI e BM (in Portuguese)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020170103/http://www.rna.ao/canalA/noticias.cgi?ID=95233 |date=20 October 2014 }} Rádio Nacional de Angola, 10 December 2014</ref>
 
   
  +
Giles spent the summer desperately following up any clues of Buffy's whereabouts and was overjoyed when she finally returned months later. Giles briefly served as Watcher for new Slayer, [[Faith Lehane]]. The Scoobies were given another disturbing glimpse in Giles' past when, along with every other adult in Sunnydale, he was reverted to his teenage self by enchanted candy supplied by Ethan Rayne. During this time, he indulged in theft and vandalism and had a romantic and sexual fling with Buffy's mother, [[Joyce Summers]]. Despite that, he aided Buffy in rescuing babies from the demon [[Lurconis]], remembering a snippet of information his older self knew about the demon. When Buffy kept Angel's return from hell a secret from the other Scoobies, Giles felt betrayed by her affection for the man who tortured him and murdered Jenny, but later agreed to help Angel.<ref name="Amends">"[[Amends]]"</ref>
Since January 2014 the Republic of Angola has held the rotating presidency of the [[International Conference on the Great Lakes Region]] (ICGLR).<ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/politica/2014/0/3/Angola-takes-over-rotative-presidency-Great-Lakes-Region,48aaaa5e in-50c6-47cf-9a2f-191c6d9d06ba.html Angola takes over rotative presidency of Great Lakes Region] Angola Press Agency, 13 January 2014</ref> In 2015, the executive secretary of ICGLR, [[Ntumba Luaba]], called Angola an example to be followed because of the significant progress it made over the 12 years of peace, particularly in terms of socioeconomic and political-military stability.<ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/politica/2015/0/2/Angola-should-example-for-Great-Lakes-region-Ntumba-Luaba,92246d08-3ad0-4fd8-b107-7c87e4965de8.html Angola should be an example for Great Lakes region – Ntumba Luaba] Angola Press Agency, 8 January 2015</ref>
 
   
  +
As Buffy's [[Cruciamentum]], a brutal tradition of the Watchers Council in which a de-powered Slayer was forced to battle a vampire, approached, Giles struggled to cope with the guilt of betraying Buffy's trust. Despite describing the test as "an archaic exercise in cruelty," he secretly injected Buffy with numerous adrenal suppressors and muscle relaxants, which weakened her significantly, before eventually coming clean when the vampire she was meant to fight, [[Zachary Kralik]], escaped. Buffy was disgusted and heartbroken, but was later moved when Giles interfered in her Cruciamentum to save her life, staking her foe's minion, [[Blair]], after Buffy managed to best Kralik through a trick involving Holy Water. Because of this, and having a father's love for Buffy which Head Watcher [[Quentin Travers]] described as "useless to the cause," Giles was fired and replaced with [[Wesley Wyndam-Pryce]], but continued to act as Buffy's adviser, especially since Wesley turned out to be extremely cowardly and incompetent. When Buffy briefly found herself endowed with telepathic powers, she discovered that her mother believed Giles to be "like a stevedore in bed." In a battle with the demonic [[Richard Wilkins|Mayor]] of Sunnydale, Giles pressed the trigger which destroyed him and Sunnydale High, putting himself out of a job.
After 38 years of rule, in 2017 President dos Santos stepped down from MPLA leadership.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-03/angola-ruling-party-names-joao-lourenco-presidential-candidate Angolan Leader Dos Santos to Step Down After 38 Years in Power]. Bloomberg (3 February 2017). Retrieved on 2017-04-26.</ref> The leader of the winning party at the parliamentary elections in August 2017 become the next president of Angola. The MPLA selected Defense Minister General [[João Lourenço]] and won the election.<ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2016/12/05/01003-20161205ARTFIG00307-en-angola-le-ministre-de-la-defense-devrait-succeder-au-president-dos-santos.php En Angola, le ministre de la Défense devrait succèder au président Dos Santos]. Lefigaro.fr. Retrieved on 26 April 2017.</ref>
 
   
  +
===Unemployment===
In what has been described as a political purge<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://beninwebtv.com/2017/11/angola-purge-sein-de-sonangol-emporte-isabel-santos/|title=Angola : une purge au sein de la Sonangol emporte Isabel dos Santos|date=2017-11-15|work=BENIN WEB TV|access-date=2017-11-21|language=fr-FR}}</ref>{{by whom|date=November 2017}} to cement his power and reduce the influence of the Dos Santos family, Lourenço subsequently sacked the chief of the national police, Ambrósio de Lemos, and the head of the intelligence service, Apolinário José Pereira. Both are considered allies of former president Dos Santos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-angola-police/angolas-lourenco-replaces-police-and-intelligence-chiefs-idUSKBN1DK1SH|title=Angola's Lourenco replaces police and intelligence chiefs|last=|first=|date=20 November 2017|work=Reuters|access-date=2017-11-21}}</ref> He also removed [[Isabel dos Santos|Isabel Dos Santos]], daughter of the former president, as head of the country's state oil company Sonangol.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42003016|title=Angola sacks Africa's richest woman|date=2017-11-15|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-21|language=en-GB}}</ref>
 
  +
[[File:Fyarl Demon.png|thumb|220x220px|Giles in demon form.]]
  +
As Giles learned to cope with being unemployed and the growing belief that Buffy no longer needed him, he resumed a sexual relationship with his old friend, [[Olivia Williams]], who [[Anya Jenkins]] tactlessly labeled his "orgasm friend." <ref name="Hush">[[Hush]]</ref> Lacking a sense of purpose, he spent most of his time lounging around his apartment, watching ''[[Wikipedia:Passions|Passions]]'' with the vampire [[Spike]] who had become a hostage.
   
  +
He began to suffer from depression, especially when the Scoobies failed to keep him in the loop regarding Buffy's new boyfriend [[Riley Finn]] and his affiliation to [[The Initiative (organization)|The Initiative]]. When Ethan Rayne cast a spell on Giles which turned him into a [[Fyarl demon]],<ref name="'A New Man'">"[[A New Man]]"</ref> he enlisted Spike's help to escape the Initiative and Buffy, who believed him to be the demon who murdered Giles. However, Buffy later realized from his eyes and "annoyed" expression that he was in fact Giles and Ethan was taken into custody by the Initiative. In order to defeat the cyber-demonoid, [[Adam]], the four Scoobies cast a spell to combine their strength. Giles provided the "mind," granting Buffy access to his superior knowledge, enabling Buffy to defeat Adam.
===Armed forces===
 
{{Main article|Angolan Armed Forces}}
 
[[File:Angolan Air Force Ilyushin Il-76TD Karpezo-1.jpg|thumb|Angolan Air Force Ilyushin Il-76TD Karpezo-1]]
 
[[File:Angolan soldiers training in Russia.png|thumb|[[Angolan Army]] training in Russia. From left to right, the ranks of the men are Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, and Captain.]]
 
   
  +
Giles, no longer seeing his place in Sunnydale, decided to return to England, telling no one except Willow, whom he needed to organize the research documents for the Scoobies. However, after an encounter with the legendary [[Count Dracula]], Buffy confessed to Giles that she still needed him, both emotionally and in order to find out more about what being the Slayer means and asked him to be her Watcher again. Clearly pleased by this turn of events, Giles decided that he still had a place in Sunnydale after all.<ref name="'Buffy vs. Dracula'"/>
The Angolan Armed Forces (AAF) is headed by a Chief of Staff who reports to the Minister of Defence. There are three divisions—the Army (Exército), Navy (Marinha de Guerra, MGA) and [[National Air Force of Angola|National Air Force]] (Força Aérea Nacional, FAN). Total manpower is about 110,000.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} Its equipment includes Russian-manufactured fighters, bombers and transport planes. There are also Brazilian-made [[EMB-312 Tucano]]s for training, Czech-made L-39s for training and bombing, and a variety of western-made aircraft such as the C-212\Aviocar, Sud Aviation Alouette III, etc. A small number of AAF personnel are stationed in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (Kinshasa) and the [[Republic of the Congo]] (Brazzaville).
 
   
===Police===
+
===Owner of the Magic Box===
  +
[[File:522_TheGift.jpg|thumb|Giles as he watches Buffy's dead body.]]
The National Police departments are Public Order, Criminal Investigation, Traffic and Transport, Investigation and Inspection of Economic Activities, Taxation and Frontier Supervision, Riot Police and the Rapid Intervention Police. The National Police are in the process of standing up an air wing,{{when|date=November 2017}} to provide helicopter support for operations. The National Police are developing their criminal investigation and forensic capabilities. The force has an estimated 6,000 patrol officers, 2,500 taxation and frontier supervision officers, 182 criminal investigators and 100 financial crimes detectives and around 90 economic activity inspectors.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}
 
   
  +
When the owner of [[the Magic Box]] was killed by vampires, Giles was convinced by the shop's high profit margins to buy it, hiring Anya as his overtly enthusiastic assistant. Buffy discovered that her sister, [[Dawn Summers]], was actually the [[Key]]: a mystical energy in human form in need of protection from the hell-goddess [[Glorificus|Glory]]. Buffy initially confided only in Giles about Dawn's true nature and he decided to contact the Watchers Council for more information about Glory. Quentin Travers blackmailed Buffy into obeying the Council's demands, threatening to have Giles deported if she did not comply. Buffy stood up to the Council, informing them that they would release all information concerning Glory to them and would re-instate Giles as her official Watcher, to be paid retroactively from the month he was fired. Travers reluctantly agreed, and revealed Glory's true nature as a hell-god before leaving. As the Scoobies labored to find a way to defeat Glory, Giles brought up the difficult idea of killing Dawn to end her plans which involved using Dawn's blood to break down the barriers to other dimensions, causing Armageddon. Giles admitted that he loved Dawn, but that sacrifices had to be made. Buffy refused to listen, and vowed to protect Dawn at all costs, much to Giles' consternation. Glory shared her body with an innocent human male called [[Ben Wilkinson]] and could be killed if Ben died. In the final battle against Glory, Buffy decided to spare Ben's life, but Giles was less merciful. Explaining that Buffy was a hero and therefore different from them, he suffocated Ben with his bare hands.<ref name="'The Gift'">"[[The Gift]]"</ref> Buffy later sacrificed her own life to save Dawn's, saving the world in the process.
The National Police have implemented a modernisation and development plan to increase the capabilities and efficiency of the total force. In addition to administrative reorganisation, modernisation projects include procurement of new vehicles, aircraft and equipment, construction of new police stations and forensic laboratories, restructured training programmes and the replacement of [[AKM rifle]]s with 9&nbsp;mm [[Uzi]]s for officers in urban areas.
 
   
===Justice===
+
===Return to England===
  +
Several months after [http://buffy.wikia.com/wiki/The_Gift Buffy's second death], Giles decides to return to England. On the very day he leaves, Willow, Xander, Anya and [[Tara Maclay|Tara]] resurrect Buffy, and he comes back as soon as he hears of this. Despite being overjoyed to have Buffy back, Giles was furious at Willow for invoking such dark magic, and angrily dismisses her as "a rank, arrogant amateur;" while the other Scoobies believe that Buffy may have been in hell, Giles is unconvinced, which later proves to be correct when [[Sweet|a demon]]'s [[Once More, With Feeling|musical spell]] forces her to reveal that she was indeed in [[Heaven]]. Buffy begins to over-rely on Giles for financial and emotional support; at one point, when Dawn sneaks out to hang out with a teenager who was in fact a vampire, Buffy refuses to scold her herself and leaves the job to Giles.<ref name="ATW">"[[All the Way]]"</ref> This eventually causes Giles to decide that his presence is preventing her assuming responsibility for her own life. He leaves again for his native England, moving to a place near Bath, where he worked with a powerful local coven.
A Supreme Court serves as a court of appeal. The Constitutional Court is the supreme body of the constitutional jurisdiction, its Organic Law was approved by Law no. 2/08, of June 17, and its first task was the validation of the candidacies of the political parties to the legislative elections of 5 September 2008. The legal system is based on Portuguese and customary laws, but it is weak and fragmented. There are only 12 courts in more than 140 counties in the country. A Supreme Court serves as a court of appeal. With the approval of Law no. 2/08, of June 17 - Organic Law of the Constitutional Court and Law n. 3/08, of June 17 - Organic Law of the Constitutional Process, the Legal Creation of the Constitutional Court. Thus, on June 25, 2008, the Constitutional Court was institutionalized and its Judicial Counselors assumed the position before the President of the Republic. On this date, seven advisory judges took office, four men and three women.
 
   
  +
[[File:Willowdraingiles.jpg|thumb|Willow draining the magics from Giles]]
In 2014, a new penal code took effect in Angola. The classification of [[money-laundering]] as a crime is one of the novelties in the new legislation.<ref>[http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/280463/angola-com-novo-codigo-penal-ainda-este-ano Angola com novo Código Penal ainda este ano], Notícias ao Minuto, 24 September 2014</ref>
 
   
  +
A few months later, Tara was killed by a stray bullet as [[Warren Mears]] attacked Buffy. Willow, still recovering from an addiction to dark magic, vengefully gave into the magics, killed Warren, and attempted to kill his former partners in crime, threatening the lives of her friends as well.. Hearing about a dark power rising in Sunnydale, Giles teleported back, wielding great magical power borrowed from the Devon Coven. As "Dark Willow" boasted of her indestructibility, Giles knocked her to the floor with a blast of magic energy, stating "I'd like to test that theory."<ref name="Two to Go">"[[Two to Go]]"</ref> Upon discovering all that had gone wrong in his absence, Giles apologized to Buffy, insisting that he never should have abandoned them, but Buffy reassured him that he did the right thing. Knowing that Willow was too strong, he tricked her into draining him of his magics, which brought him near death. Willow stealing his borrowed power allowed her to feel all of the pain of humanity, convincing her to end the world. However, Xander was able to reach the last spark of humanity in Willow that was brought out thanks to stealing Giles' power, by telling her that he loved her no matter what, causing Willow to break down and give up her attempt at causing the apocalypse.
===Foreign relations===
 
[[File:Diplomatic missions of Angola.PNG|thumb|250px|Diplomatic missions of Angola.]]
 
On 16 October 2014, Angola was elected for the second time a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, with 190 favorable votes out of a total of 193. The term of office begins on 1 January 2015 and lasts for two Years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publico.pt/mundo/noticia/angola-eleita-como-membro-naopermanente-no-conselho-de-seguranca-da-onu-1673156|title=Angola eleita para o Conselho de Segurança da ONU}} Public, 16 October 2014</ref>
 
   
  +
[[File:Gilesdraw.jpg|thumb|left|Giles draws pictures to show the Potentials what they're up against]]
Since January 2014, the Republic of Angola has been chairing the International Conference for the Great Lakes Region (CIRGL). [80] In 2015, CIRGL Executive Secretary Ntumba Luaba said that Angola is the example to be followed by the members of the organization, due to the significant progress made during the 12 years of peace, namely in terms of socio-economic stability and political- military.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://expansao.co.ao/Artigo/Geral/52550|title=Angola deve servir de exemplo para os países da CIRGL - Ntumba Luaba}} Expansion, 08 January 2015</ref>
 
   
  +
Giles returned to England with Willow to rehabilitate her. A few months later, he began bringing [[Potential Slayers]] to Sunnydale to protect them from [[The First Evil]] and its [[Bringers]] who were attempting to wipe out the Slayer line. Giles became one of the only Watchers left when The First's lieutenant, [[Caleb]], blew up the Council's headquarters, though Giles was able to extract a few integral volumes of text and certain files beforehand. An injured Watcher named [[Robson]] witnessed Giles about to be decapitated by a Bringer, before blacking out. When the Scoobies hear about this, they worried that Giles may have been killed, and that the First was merely impersonating him. They are relieved, however, when they manage to tackle him to the ground, proving he is corporeal and therefore not the First; it turns out that Giles heard the Bringer approaching and decapitated it before it could kill him. Giles later loses Buffy's trust somewhat when he takes part in a scheme with [[Robin Wood]] to kill Spike, who had recently regained his soul, though Giles believed the vampire was too dangerous to be kept alive.<ref name="LMPTM">"[[Lies My Parents Told Me]]"</ref> After the ordeal, Buffy told him, "I've think you've taught me everything I need to know." Ironically, Giles proved to be correct in his beliefs that Buffy kept Spike around for personal reasons rather than tactical ones though it was Spike that ended up saving the world in the end. Giles participated in the final battle at the Hellmouth, and survived.
===Human rights===
 
{{see also|Human rights in Angola|LGBT rights in Angola}}
 
[[Homosexuality|Homosexual]] acts are currently illegal in Angola.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/gay-lesbian-bisexual-relationships-illegal-in-74-countries-a7033666.html |title= LGBT relationships are illegal in 74 countries, research finds | work = The Independent| date=17 May 2016}}</ref> However, in February 2017, the Angolan Parliament approved a new penal code which does not outlaw homosexual acts. The law will take effect in late 2017.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}} In 2010, the Angolan Government refused to receive openly gay Isi Yanouka as the new Israeli ambassador, allegedly due to his [[sexual orientation]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Hartman |first=Ben |url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=174356 |title=Was diplomat denied post in Angola because he is openly gay? |publisher=[[Jerusalem Post|Jpost.com]] |date=2010-04-30 }}</ref>
 
   
  +
===Post-Sunnydale===
==Administrative divisions==
 
  +
Following Sunnydale's destruction, the Scooby Gang had expanded into a global organization, training approximately five hundred Slayers spread over ten squads. Giles was one of the heads of the [[Slayer Organization]] and watched a squad of slayers in England and St. Petersburg, Russia, parallel with Andrew's operations in Italy and Buffy and Xander's in Scotland. As a side note, he took [[Andrew Wells]] under his wing, training him to be a Watcher; Andrew claimed to be "faster, stronger and 82% more manly" as a result of Giles' mentoring, and was sent by him to retrieve the psychotic Slayer [[Dana]] from Los Angeles and to make sure that Angel and [[Team Angel|his teammates]] didn't keep her as they had recently taken over the evil law firm [[Wolfram & Hart]] and the Scoobies no longer trusted them.<ref name="Damage">"[[Damage]]"</ref> Later, after [[Fred Burkle]] was killed by the [[Old One]], [[Illyria]], Angel phoned Giles, desperate to get in contact with Willow, who could not be reached as she was in the Himalayas on an astral plane. After confirming that Angel still worked for Wolfram & Hart, Giles coldly refused to help him, much to Angel's frustration.<ref>"[[A Hole in the World]]"</ref>
{{Main article|Provinces of Angola|Municipalities of Angola|Communes of Angola}}
 
[[File:Angola Provinces numbered 300px.png|thumb|Map of Angola with the provinces numbered]]
 
   
  +
====Prophecies and conspiracies====
{{As of|March 2016}}, Angola is divided into [[Provinces of Angola|eighteen provinces]] (''províncias'') and [[Municipalities of Angola|162 municipalities]]. The municipalities are further divided into 559 communes (townships).<ref name="acd">{{cite web|url=http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf |format=PDF |title=Resultados Resultados Definitivos do Recenseamento Geral da População e da Habitação de Angola 2014 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística |date=March 2016 |page=27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506013702/http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf |archivedate=6 May 2016 }}</ref> The provinces are:
 
  +
[[File:HopeLYonee.jpg|thumb|Giles molds Faith into a British noble so that she could infiltrate Savidge's home]]
{{colbegin}}
 
# [[Bengo (province)|Bengo]]
 
# [[Benguela Province|Benguela]]
 
# [[Bié (province)|Bié]]
 
# [[Cabinda (province)|Cabinda]]
 
# [[Cuando Cubango]]
 
# [[Cuanza Norte]]
 
# [[Cuanza Sul]]
 
# [[Cunene (province)|Cunene]]
 
# [[Huambo Province|Huambo]]
 
# [[Huíla Province|Huíla]]
 
# [[Luanda Province|Luanda]]
 
# [[Lunda Norte]]
 
# [[Lunda Sul]]
 
# [[Malanje Province|Malanje]]
 
# [[Moxico (province)|Moxico]]
 
# [[Namibe Province|Namibe]]
 
# [[Uíge Province|Uíge]]
 
# [[Zaire Province|Zaire]]
 
{{colend}}
 
   
  +
About a year and a half after the destruction of Sunnydale, Giles came to [[Faith Lehane|Faith]] to ask her to assassinate another [[Slayer]], [[Genevieve Savidge]], who would bring around the Apocalypse if left unchecked, though her initial plan was to assassinate Buffy. After killing "Gigi" and her mentor [[Roden]], they break away from the Slayer Organization and decide to work together as partners, keeping Slayers from turning down the dark path both Faith and Gigi walked. Because of his secret partnership with Faith, Buffy and Giles fell out of speaking terms.
===Exclave of Cabinda===
 
{{Main article|Cabinda (province)|l1=Cabinda|Republic of Cabinda}}
 
[[File:Flag of Cabinda.svg|thumb|left|Flag of the [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda|Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC)]]]]
 
   
  +
Giles and Faith heard of a "Slayer Sanctuary" in a town called Hanselstadt from a young Slayer named Courtney. There, Giles encountered Duncan Fillworthe, a former Watcher, who claimed vampires did not dare to enter the town because they know the town contains an army of Slayers. Later, as Giles argued that a stalemate was not a solution to the vampire problem, Duncan revealed that the town was actually feeding the Slayers who come seeking sanctuary to an ancient demon. The fear of the demon is what really keeps the vampires from entering. Giles went to warn Faith as Duncan stated that this was the fate that Slayers deserve for rejecting the Watchers Council, especially Buffy, reminding Giles that Buffy's relationship with Angel resulted in Jenny Calendar's death. Giles found Faith already in combat with the demon, which feeds on beings who feel regret and fear. While trying to free Courtney from the demon, Duncan intercepted Giles. During their skirmish, the demon devoured Duncan and Giles saved Courtney while Faith killed the demon. The stalemate ended, Giles and Faith rallied the reluctant townspeople against the coming vampires, telling them if they want to live, they'll have to fight.<ref>''[[Predators and Prey#Part IV, Safe (Issue #24)|Safe]]''</ref>
With an area of approximately {{convert|7283|km2|sqmi}}, the Northern Angolan province of Cabinda is unusual in being separated from the rest of the country by a strip, some {{convert|60|km}} wide, of the [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] along the lower [[Congo River]]. Cabinda borders the [[Congo Republic]] to the north and north-northeast and the DRC to the east and south. The town of Cabinda is the chief population centre.
 
   
  +
After [[Harmony Kendall]]'s [[Harmony Bites|reality show]] established a new pro-vampire, anti-Slayer world order, Faith and Giles were in hiding in the Führerbunker. Once their underground hideout was compromised by demons, they retreated to Scotland to reunite with Buffy. Giles and Buffy are driven to reconcile by [[Twilight]]'s attacks. The entire group are later transported to Tibet to learn how to suppress their magic to stop Twilight from tracking them.
According to a 1995 census, Cabinda had an estimated population of 600,000, approximately 400,000 of whom live in neighbouring countries. Population estimates are, however, highly unreliable. Consisting largely of tropical forest, Cabinda produces hardwoods, coffee, cocoa, crude rubber and palm oil. The product for which it is best known, however, is its oil, which has given it the nickname, "the Kuwait of Africa". Cabinda's petroleum production from its considerable offshore reserves now accounts for more than half of Angola's output.<ref>{{cite news|title=Angola profile|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13036732 | publisher=BBC News | date=22 December 2013}}</ref> Most of the oil along its coast was discovered under [[Portuguese Angola|Portuguese rule]] by the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (CABGOC) from 1968 onwards.
 
   
  +
It was later revealed that Giles had been searching for something; one of the reasons he had been traveling around the world was to search for the Slayer who would be given enormous power and would create a new reality. Believing it to be a Watcher myth, Giles knew all along that Buffy was the Slayer in question, and had in fact been searching for the only weapon that could kill Buffy should she have reached this godhood.
Ever since [[Portugal]] handed over sovereignty of its former overseas province of Angola to the local independence groups (MPLA, UNITA and FNLA), the territory of Cabinda has been a focus of separatist guerrilla actions opposing the [[Government of Angola]] (which has employed its armed forces, the FAA—Forças Armadas Angolanas) and Cabindan separatists. The [[Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda]]-[[Forças Armadas de Cabinda|Armed Forces of Cabinda]] (FLEC-FAC) announced a virtual Federal Republic of Cabinda under the Presidency of N'Zita Henriques Tiago. One of the characteristics of the Cabindan independence movement is its constant fragmentation, into smaller and smaller factions.
 
   
  +
====Death and Legacy====
==Economy==
 
  +
[[File:Buffy_39_018.jpg|thumb|left|Giles dies at the hands of Angel]]
{{Main article|Economy of Angola}}
 
[[File:First WAFMAX in Angola 3 (8222830479).jpg|thumb|A booming economy due to oil revenues and stable politics, Angola has seen an increase in its international trading sector.]]
 
[[File:Luanda-Sonangol.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Luanda city centre.]]
 
[[File:Banco Nacional de Angola in Luanda - Angola 2015.jpg|thumb|The Banco Nacional de Angola building on the Marginal in Luanda dates from 1956.]]
 
[[File:Boeing 747-357M, TAAG Angola Airlines AN0387063.jpg|thumb|[[TAAG Angolan Airlines]] is Angola's national airline.]]
 
[[File:New housing development area.jpg|thumb|New suburb (new housing area) in Luanda built in 2010.]]
 
[[File:Offshore platform on move to final destination, Ilha de Luanda.JPG|thumb|Offshore petrol platform prepared for moving to final destination on high sea, Luanda, Angola, Atlantic Ocean]]
 
   
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When the battle was brought to Sunnydale, Giles attempted to bring the Slayer [[Scythe]] to Buffy but Angel - possessed by [[Twilight]] - snapped his neck, killing him instantly. Buffy managed to destroy the [[Seed of Wonder]], [[End of Magic|cutting magic off from this dimension]] in the process. Though the thousands of Slayers kept their strength, no new Slayer would be called.
Angola has diamonds, oil, gold, copper and a rich wildlife (dramatically impoverished during the civil war), forest and fossil fuels. Since independence, oil and diamonds have been the most important economic resource. Smallholder and [[plantation]] agriculture dramatically dropped in the [[Angolan Civil War]], but began to recover after 2002. The transformation industry{{clarify|date=November 2017}} of the late colonial period collapsed at independence, because of the exodus of most of the ethnic Portuguese population, but it has begun to re-emerge with updated technologies, partly because of an influx of new Portuguese entrepreneurs. Similar developments have taken place in the service sector.
 
   
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In his will, Giles left all of his belongings, property, and savings to Faith so that she could retire and be free of the constant violence and danger that had plagued her life as well as have the resources to do what she felt needed to be done. To Buffy, he left her the [[Vampyr (tome)|Vampyr]] tome he had shown her when the two had first met, a clear statement that he considered Buffy the one true Slayer.<ref name="'Last Gleaming'">"[[Last Gleaming]]"</ref>
Angola's economy has in recent years moved on from the disarray caused by a quarter-century of [[Angolan civil war]] to become the fastest-growing economy in Africa and one of the fastest-growing in the world, with an average [[GDP]] growth of 20% between 2005 and 2007.<ref>[http://www.mfw4a.org/angola/angola-financial-sector-profile.html Angola Financial Sector Profile: MFW4A – Making Finance Work for Africa]. MFW4A. Retrieved 9 August 2013.</ref> In the period 2001–10, Angola had the world's highest [[annual average GDP growth]], at 11.1%.
 
   
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After Angel regained consciousness from his Twilight-induced catatonia, he and Faith took it upon themselves to complete Giles' unfinished business, such as defeating a demon that was possessing a child. In the past, Giles was only able to bind the demon using a spell that required him to sacrifice his memory of a valued day. When Angel drove the demon out, he learned that the memory was of the day that Giles fell in love with Jenny. Feeling guilty over his role in Giles' death, Angel expressed his desperate desire to try to bring Giles back to life, although he is willing to listen to Faith's objections to his plans to ensure that he doesn't repeat his mistakes as Twilight and cross a line out of his desire to make up for his past mistakes.<ref name="'Live Through This'">"[[Live Through This]]"</ref>
In 2004, the [[Exim Bank of China]] approved a $2&nbsp;billion [[line of credit]] to Angola, to be used for rebuilding Angola's [[infrastructure]], and to limit the influence of the [[International Monetary Fund]] there.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460
 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060505120801/http://www.pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=460&language_id=1
 
|dead-url=yes
 
|archive-date=5 May 2006
 
|title=The Increasing Importance of African Oil
 
|work=Power and Interest Report
 
|date=20 March 2006
 
}}</ref>
 
   
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It was later revealed that Angel was using a [[Tooth of Ammuk]], the Egyptian devourer of souls, to absorb fragments of Giles' soul from locations that had a particular meaning to Giles in the hope of essentially reconstructing his soul, such as the graveyard where Giles faced the Loorphage demon representing the beginning of his rebellious phase while the Shard of Stronnos - given to Angel by Giles' aunts - represents the last of Giles' childish innocence. As a result, Angel began taking on aspects of Giles' personality and mannerisms.<ref name="'Daddy Issues'">"[[Daddy Issues]]"</ref>
China is Angola's biggest trade partner and [[export]] destination as well as the fourth-largest source of [[import]]s. Bilateral trade reached $27.67&nbsp;billion in 2011, up 11.5% year-on-year. China's imports, mainly [[crude oil]] and diamonds, increased 9.1% to $24.89&nbsp;billion while China's exports to Angola, including mechanical and electrical products, machinery parts and construction materials, surged 38.8%.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} The oil [[glut]] led to a local [[price]] for unleaded gasoline of [[Pound sterling|£]]0.37 a gallon.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/8632811/Luanda-capital-of-Angola-retains-title-of-worlds-most-expensive-for-expats.html Luanda, capital of Angola, retains title of world's most expensive for expats. ''The Daily Telegraph''. Retrieved 9 August 2013.]</ref>
 
   
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When Angel attempted to acquire the last fragment of Giles' soul from his body&mdash;also planning to restore to Giles' body to vitality magically&mdash;he discovered that Giles's coffin was empty, with the lack of disturbance around the grave suggesting that it had been buried that way. Later, the slayer [[Nadira]] went to Guildford to consult an expert about resurrecting one of her fallen comrades; this man appeared to be Giles,<ref>"[[Death and Consequences, Part One]]"</ref> but it was later revealed to be a Giles possessed and reanimated by Eyghon, who used Giles to resurrect others to act as his agents after the Eyghon-possessed Ethan Rayne stole his body.
''[[The Economist]]'' reported in 2008 that diamonds and oil make up 60% of Angola's economy, almost all of the country's [[revenue]] and all of its dominant [[export]]s.<ref>[http://www.economist.com/node/12009946 "Marching towards riches and democracy?"] [[The Economist]]. 30 August 2008. p. 46.</ref> Growth is almost entirely driven by rising [[Extraction of petroleum|oil production]] which surpassed {{convert|1.4|Moilbbl/d|m3/d}} in late 2005 and was expected to grow to {{convert|2|Moilbbl/d|m3/d}} by 2007. Control of the [[Petroleum industry|oil industry]] is consolidated in [[Sonangol Group]], a conglomerate owned by the Angolan government. In December 2006, Angola was admitted as a member of [[OPEC]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Angola: Country Admitted As Opec Member|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200612140990.html |date=14 December 2006 |publisher=Angola Press Agency}}</ref>
 
   
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Discovering this, Angel recruited Spike to his team to take on Eyghon. As the majority of Giles' soul now existed within Angel, it provided him added protection from Eyghon's increased ability to possess the dead. Recovering the last fragment of Giles' soul, Angel's body contained three entities: his own soul, Giles', and that of the demon within. He reverted to a near-catatonic state, speaking in a British accent and as if he were reliving events in Giles' youth.
Operations in its [[List of diamond mines|diamond mines]] include partnerships between state-run [[Endiama]] and mining companies such as [[ALROSA]] which operate in Angola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.angolancentenary.com/press6.pdf |title=Angolan Diamond Centenary Conference 2013 Highlights Endiama and Alrosa Joint Venture for Future Geological Exploration of diamond deposits of Angola’s Territory|series=Press release|publisher=angolancentenary.com |accessdate=13 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114012955/http://www.angolancentenary.com/press6.pdf |archivedate=14 November 2013 |df=dmy}}</ref>
 
   
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Later, Spike and Faith were successful in extracting Giles' soul from Angel using the [[Essuary]], and Angel and Faith restored Giles' corpse to perfect condition using the [[Crown of Coils]]. Assembling Giles' aunts [[Lavinia Fairweather|Lavinia]] and [[Sophronia Fairweather]] (de-powered witches), his friend [[Alasdair Coames]] (a de-powered warlock) and using Coames' collection of magical items as fuel for a spell, they attempted to reunite body and soul in a resurrection ritual. However, the ceremony was partly interrupted by an attack by [[Whistler]], [[Pearl]] and [[Nash]], seeking Coames' remaining magical items, putting the success of the ritual to resurrect Giles in question.
The Angolan economy grew 18% in 2005, 26% in 2006 and 17.6% in 2007. Due to the global [[recession]] the economy contracted an estimated −0.3% in 2009.<ref name="CIA" /> The security brought about by the 2002 peace settlement has allowed the resettlement of 4&nbsp;million displaced persons and a resulting large-scale increases in agriculture production.
 
   
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====Resurrection====
Although the country's economy has grown significantly since Angola achieved political stability in 2002, mainly due to fast-rising earnings in the oil sector, Angola faces huge social and economic problems. These are in part a result of almost continual armed conflict from 1961 on, although the highest level of destruction and socio-economic damage took place after the 1975 independence, during the long years of [[Angolan Civil War|civil war]]. However, high [[poverty rate]]s and blatant [[social inequality]] chiefly stem from persistent [[authoritarianism]], "neo-patrimonial" practices at all levels of the political, administrative, military and economic structures, and of [[Corruption in Angola|a pervasive corruption]].<ref>Anti-corruption watchdog [[Transparency International]] rates Angola one of the 10 most corrupt countries in the world.</ref><ref>Dolan, Kerry A. (23 January 2013). [https://www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2013/01/23/isabel-dos-santos-daughter-of-angolas-president-is-africas-first-woman-billionaire/ "Isabel Dos Santos, Daughter Of Angola's President, Is Africa's First Woman Billionaire"]. ''Forbes''.</ref> The main beneficiaries are political, administrative, economic and military power holders, who have accumulated (and continue to accumulate) enormous wealth.<ref>This process is well analyzed by authors like [[Christine Messiant]], Tony Hodges and others. For an eloquent illustration, see the Angolan magazine ''Infra-Estruturas África'' 7/2010.</ref>
 
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{{dialogue a-b-a|Giles|Do you know I finally managed to figure out quite a bit? About myself, the world, my place in it. Now all that's gone. I find myself stumbling into an uncertain future, groping in the dark, surrounded by a world that makes no sense.|Faith|Welcome to the club.|I said I'd come back as the opposite of what you need. I should amend that statement. In sharing Angel's body, his mind, I have seen all you've been through since my passing. All you've done. And I know this. You may have wanted the old me back. But you don't need him anymore, Faith. None of you do.|Giles' disconnection to the world|What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Two}}
   
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[[File:giles-child.png|thumb|Giles is resurrected as a child.]] Against all odds and better judgment, Giles was successfully returned to the living. However, it quickly became clear that the spell was not without side effects. Instead of adult Giles, they were instead faced with the very same man trapped in his young twelve-year-old body. Giles reacted with horror and fury at this. Struggling to be comfortable in new younger form, the former [[watcher]] furiously criticized [[Angel]]'s obsession with bringing him back, and accused [[Lavinia]] and [[Sophronia Fairweather|Sophronia]] of ruining his life once more when it became clear they were responsible for his resurrection as a child (they had both focused on ten-year old Giles, the one whose life they had ruined instead of the adult one). Calming down and trying to reign in his abhorrence of the situation, he decided to help Angel and Faith against [[Whistler]].
"Secondary beneficiaries" are the middle strata which are about to become [[social class]]es. However, almost half the population has to be considered poor, with dramatic differences between the countryside and the cities (where by now slightly more than 50% of the people live).
 
   
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Nevertheless, Giles was irrevocably depressed and directionless. He felt nothing but disconnection from the world he had returned to. Despite [[Faith Lehane|Faith]]'s attempts to convince him he was needed, Giles disagreed, believing&mdash;based on what he had seen while his soul was trapped in Angel&mdash;that everyone around him had moved on with their lives during his death and that none of them, not even Faith or [[Buffy]], really had necessity for him as a guide or authority figure. After successfully pinpointing Whistler's location in London, Giles and the rest of the group had a moment of reflection. Giles was grateful for Angel's resurrection of him and freeing him from [[Eyghon]]'s hold of torment, but admitted that if he was to die again in this battle, he would be able to accept his death peacefully. All of the others agreed that they also didn't mind sacrificing their lives against Whistler, [[Pearl]], and [[Nash]] if it came down to it in the end.<ref name="ReferenceB">"[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Two]]"</ref>
A study carried out in 2008 by the Angolan Instituto Nacional de Estatística found that in rural areas roughly 58% must be classified as "poor" according to UN norms, but in the urban areas only 19%, and an overall rate of 37%.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131026082704/http://www.exameangola.com/pt/?det=16943&id=2000&mid= País ao raios X]. ''Angola Exame''. 12 November 2010</ref> In cities, a majority of families, well beyond those officially classified as poor, must adopt a variety of survival strategies.<ref>Udelsmann Rodrigues, Cristina (2006) ''O Trabalho Dignifica o Homem: Estratégias de Sobrevivência em Luanda'', Lisbon: Colibri.</ref>{{clarify|date=November 2017}} In urban areas social inequality is most evident and it's extreme in Luanda.<ref>As an excellent illustration see ''Luanda: A vida na cidade dos extremos'', in: ''Visão'', 11 November 2010.</ref> In the [[Human Development Index]] Angola constantly ranks in the bottom group.<ref>The HDI 2010 lists Angola in the 146th position among 169 countries—one position below that of Haiti. MLP l [http://www.undp.org/publications/hdr2010/en/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf ''Human Development Index and its components.''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110428201043/http://www.undp.org/publications/hdr2010/en/HDR_2010_EN_Table1.pdf |date=28 April 2011 }}</ref>
 
   
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While Angel and Faith engaged in the heavy fighting, Giles had for the most part remained on the sidelines with his aunts and his old friend [[Alasdair Coames|Alasdair]]. Giles, and Alasdair had agreed to form magic together as some form of spell against their enemies. When Nash prepared to release the magic plague ball on London, Giles had managed to conjure up a fireball to injure him. He successfully hit him in the back, causing Nash to drop the unstable ball of pure magic. Giles and the group attempted to stop it from landing, but were ultimately too late as the citizens below began mutating into monsters as soon as the plague ball touched them.<ref>"[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Three]]"</ref>
According to [[the Heritage Foundation]], a conservative American [[think tank]], oil production from Angola has increased so significantly that Angola now is China's biggest supplier of oil.<ref>{{cite web|last=Alt |first=Robert |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/africa/HL1006.CFM |title=Into Africa: China's Grab for Influence and Oil |publisher=Heritage.org |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref> “China has extended three multibillion dollar lines of credit to the Angolan government; two loans of $2 billion from China Exim Bank, one in 2004, the second in 2007, as well as one loan in 2005 of $2.9 billion from [[China International Fund]] Ltd.”<ref>{{cite web
 
|url=http://www.cfr.org/world/angolas-political-economic-development/p16820
 
|title=Angola’s Political and Economic Development
 
|date=|website=Council on Foreign Relations|publisher=
 
|access-date=}}</ref>
 
   
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Faith and Angel still fighting, Giles and Alasdair manage to get the orb of pure magic while the others were too distracted fighting. Along with his aunts, who had decided to calm down the townspeople as they began shifting into monsters, Giles and Alasdair form a plan. They attempt to detonate the orb and absorb it given their history with magic, but it was dangerous since the consequence could be death ''or ''restoring Alasdair's magic and Giles' true age. Coming to terms with their decision, they are both stopped when Pearl and Nash realize their intentions. After Faith killed Nash and knelt over a severely injured [[Nadira]] with the intention of healing her through the magical orb, Giles consoled her and regretfully informed her it was unlikely for it to heal her. She sadly accepted this and tried to give it back to them, only for Whistler to take it and prepare to unleash the plague himself.<ref>"[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Four]]"</ref>
Growing oil revenues also created opportunities for [[Corruption in Angola|corruption]]: according to a recent [[Human Rights Watch]] report, 32&nbsp;billion US dollars disappeared from government accounts in 2007-2010.<ref>{{cite web
 
|accessdate=22 December 2011
 
|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/12/20/angola-explain-missing-government-funds
 
|title=Angola: Explain Missing Government Funds
 
|publisher=Human Rights Watch
 
|date=20 December 2011}}</ref> Furthermore, [[Sonangol]], the state-run oil company, controls 51% of Cabinda’s oil. Due to this market control the company ends up determining the profit received by the government and the taxes it pays. The council of foreign affairs states that the World Bank mentioned that Sonangol " is a taxpayer, it carries out quasi-fiscal activities, it invests public funds, and, as concessionaire, it is a sector regulator. This multifarious work programme creates conflicts of interest and characterises a complex relationship between Sonangol and the government that weakens the formal budgetary process and creates uncertainty as regards the actual fiscal stance of the state."<ref>"Angola's political and economical development" [http://www.cfr.org/world/angolas-political-economic-development/p16820 (Council of Foreign Relation )http://www.cfr.org/world/angolas-political-economic-development/p16820]
 
</ref>
 
   
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After Angel managed to get through to Whistler and stop the magic plague from spreading globally, Giles briefly stayed to help tend to the mutated people of London. However, he felt no desire to be there permanently with his aunts, believing the place he was at his best was with Buffy and the others. Giles parted from Angel on friendly terms before traveling to San Francisco with Faith.<ref name="ReferenceC">"[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Five]]"</ref>
Before independence in 1975, [[Angola (Portugal)|Angola]] was a breadbasket of southern Africa and a major exporter of [[banana]]s, coffee and [[sisal]], but [[Angolan Civil War|three decades of civil war]] (1975–2002) destroyed fertile countryside, left it littered with [[landmine]]s and drove millions into the cities. The country now depends on expensive food imports, mainly from South Africa and [[Portugal]], while more than 90% of farming is done at the family and subsistence level. Thousands of Angolan small-scale farmers are trapped in poverty.<ref>Redvers, Louise [http://ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=47123 POVERTY-ANGOLA: Inter Press Service News Agency – NGOs Sceptical of Govt's Rural Development Plans] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100512215958/http://ipsnews.net/africa/nota.asp?idnews=47123 |date=12 May 2010 }}. Retrieved 6 June 2009</ref>
 
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===San Francisco===
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[[File:GilesBuffyReunited.png|thumb|Reuniting with Buffy]]
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Giles reunited Buffy and the Scoobies midst fighting zompires in San Rosita and traveled with them to live in San Francisco. Being in a young body restored Giles' profiency in casting powerful spells which greatly helped the Scoobies in their battles. However, Giles encountered some mood issues due to him going through early puberty again.
   
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Willow devised a spell to restore Giles to his true age. It worked by rapidly aging him, however; it must be removed within 48 hours or Giles will die of old age and once the spell is complete, his age cannot be altered once more. Giles agreed to have the spell cast on him when he found out Olivia was free that morning and the two met up and had sex in his 20 year old body (Olivia originally rejected intimacy with him before due to his prepubescence). He also contacted Lavinia and Sophronia via skype regarding the spell, and the two of them were opposed to the idea of growing old. Giles' luck then started to change over the course of the day. Willow and Buffy declined Giles' fatherly wisdom, he couldn't play video games as well as he could as a child because his hand-eye coordination had diminished, and he lost the great magical power he possessed in his youth. After being attacked by a demon sent by the current [[Big Bad]], Giles had Willow reverse the spell so that he maintain his magic to protect Olivia. With two hours left before the spell's reversal, a middle-aged Giles had a heart-to-heart talk with Buffy who he claimed was proud of how she turned out.
The enormous differences between the regions pose a serious structural problem for the Angolan economy, illustrated by the fact that about one third of economic activities are concentrated in Luanda and neighbouring Bengo province, while several areas of the interior suffer economic stagnation and even regression.<ref>Manuel Alves da Rocha (2010) [http://www.ceic-ucan.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/desigualdades-e-assimetrias-regionais-em-angola.pdf ''Desigualdades e assimetrias regionais em Angola: Os factores da competitividade territorial''], Luanda: Centro de Estudos e Investigação Científica da Universidade Católica de Angola.</ref>
 
   
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After the death of the second [[Magic Council]], Giles was made the vice-president under Buffy in the new council.
One of the economic consequences of the social and regional disparities is a sharp increase in Angolan private investments abroad. The small fringe of Angolan society where most of the asset accumulation takes place seeks to spread its assets, for reasons of security and profit. For the time being, the biggest share of these investments is concentrated in Portugal where the [[Angolans in Portugal|Angolan presence]] (including the family of the state president) in banks as well as in the domains of energy, [[Telecommunications in Angola|telecommunications]], and [[mass media]] has become notable, as has the acquisition of vineyards and orchards as well as of touristic enterprises.<ref>"A força do kwanza", ''Visão'' (Lisbon), 993, 15 May 2012, pp. 50–54</ref>
 
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==Personality==
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{{Quote|I imagine you hate me right now. [...] But I have sworn to protect this sorry world and sometimes that means saying and doing things that ... other people can't. What they shouldn't have to.|Giles to Buffy|The Gift}}
   
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As the [[Watcher]], librarian, and general authority/father figure, Giles frequently delivered exposition. Giles was often portrayed as somewhat of a "straight man" and his "stuffy" Oxford sensibility served as counterpoint to the stereotypical Southern Californian characters and setting. According to Willow, he made a "weird cluck-cluck sound with his tongue" when he was angry but was "too English to say anything."<ref>"[[Faith, Hope & Trick]]"</ref> Giles was well-known for wearing tweed clothes, so much so that the Scoobies joked that even his diapers were made from the material.
[[Sub-Saharan Africa]] nations are globally achieving impressive improvements in well-being, according to a report by [[Tony Blair]]'s Africa Governance Initiative and [[the Boston Consulting Group]].<ref>[http://www.tonyblairoffice.org/africa/news-entry/The-New-Prosperity-Strategies-for-Improving-Well-Being-in-Sub-Saharan-Afri/ The New Prosperity: Strategies for Improving Well-Being in Sub-Saharan Africa] Tony Blair Africa Governance Initiative 1 May 2013</ref> Angola has upgraded critical infrastructure, an investment made possible by funds from the nation's development of oil resources. According to this report, just slightly more than ten years after the end of the [[Angolan Civil War|civil war]] Angola's standard of living has overall greatly improved. Life expectancy, which was just 46 years in 2002, reached 51 in 2011. Mortality rates for children fell from 25 percent in 2001 to 19 percent in 2010 and the number of students enrolled in primary school has tripled since 2001.<ref>[https://www.bcgperspectives.com/Images/BCG_The_New_Prosperity_tcm80-133457.pdf The New Prosperity: Strategies for Improving Well-Being in Sub-Saharan Africa] Report by The Boston Consulting Group and Tony Blair Africa Governance Initiative, May 2013</ref> However, at the same time the social and economic inequality that has characterised the country since long has not diminished, but on the contrary deepened in all respects.
 
   
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{{Quote|I am so very sorry. My contrition completely dwarfs the impending apocalypse.|Giles to Buffy|Doomed}}
With a stock of assets corresponding to 70&nbsp;billion Kz (6.8&nbsp;billion USD), Angola is now the third largest financial market in sub-Saharan Africa, surpassed only by [[Nigeria]] and South Africa. According to the Angolan Minister of Economy, Abraão Gourgel, the financial market of the country grew modestly from 2002 and now lies in third place at the level of sub-Saharan Africa.<ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2014/07/23/angola-is-the-third-largest-sub-saharan-financial-market/ Angola is the third-largest sub-Saharan financial market], MacauHub, 23 July 2014</ref>
 
   
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However, he wore non-tweed suits and even casual clothes more often after his retirement from the library. A good deal of humor came from Giles contradicting his established prim and proper image. Giles (like Head in real life) was also a talented singer and guitar player.<ref name="Where the Wild Things Are">"[[Where the Wild Things Are]]"</ref> He also loves Halloween, which Buffy was surprised to learn.<ref>"[[Fear Itself]]"</ref> At times, he also proved to be arrogant and somewhat of a liar: when explaining how he survived being attacked by a Bringer in [[Robson]]'s flat, he initially stated that it was instinct that saved him, but later admitted that he simply heard the Bringer's shoes squeaking.<ref name="First Date">"[[First Date]]"</ref>
Angola's economy is expected to grow by 3.9 percent in 2014 said the [[International Monetary Fund]] (IMF), robust growth in the non-oil economy, mainly driven by a very good performance in the agricultural sector, is expected to offset a temporary drop in oil production.<ref>[http://en.starafrica.com/news/angolas-economy-to-grow-by-3-9-percent-imf.html Angola’s economy to grow by 3.9 percent-IMF] StarAfrica, 4 September 2014</ref>
 
   
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He was not what one would call technology-savvy, and was even somewhat technophobic by his own admission, a fact which often brought him into conflict with technopagan and computer science teacher Jenny Calendar. However, after Jenny aided him in casting the demon Moloch out of the Internet, the pair reached an understanding and began a romantic relationship. Despite this, he never overcame his aversion to technology and was horrified to see that the new [[Sunnydale High School library]] had only computers.<ref name="LMPTM" />
Angola's financial system is maintained by the [[National Bank of Angola]] and managed by governor [[:no:Jose de Lima Massano|Jose de Lima Massano]]. According to a study on the banking sector, carried out by [[Deloitte]], the monetary policy led by [[Banco Nacional de Angola]] (BNA), the Angolan national bank, allowed a decrease in the inflation rate put at 7.96% in December 2013, which contributed to the sector's growth trend.<ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/economia/2014/8/39/Angola-Sector-bancario-mantem-crescimento-2013,cd70b614-7123-4e91-b07f-caed89276592.html Angola: Sector bancário mantém crescimento em 2013], Angola Press (26 September 2014)</ref> Estimates released by Angola's central bank, said country's economy should grow at an annual average rate of 5 percent over the next four years, boosted by the increasing participation of the private sector.<ref>[https://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFKCN0HV1EN20141006 Angola seen growing average 5 percent: Central Bank], Reuters (Africa), 10 June 2014</ref>
 
   
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Giles had tendency to take off his glasses and wipe them during situations. It was eventually figured out by Buffy that this was his way of avoiding having to see the activities of the other Scoobies, when he did so as Xander and Anya passionately kissed after announcing their engagement.<ref name="ATW" /> At one point, Giles wiped his glasses so hard they broke when the [[Watchers Council]] came to Sunnydale.<ref name="Checkpoint" />
On 19 December 2014, the Capital Market in Angola started. [[Angola Stock Exchange|BODIVA]] (Angola Securities and Debt Stock Exchange, in English) received the secondary public debt market, and it is expected to start the corporate debt market by 2015, but the stock market should be a reality only in 2016.<ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2014/11/51/Angola-CMC-prepares-launch-debt-secondary-market,54877cb4-fc83-4047-8752-a27150a365dc.html CMC prepares launch of debt secondary market] Angola Press Agency, 16 December 2014</ref>
 
   
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Very few people called Giles by his first name, Rupert, including the Scoobies. Willow called him "Rupert" while she was evil, and Spike did so often in disdain or just to be annoying. He was called by his nickname, Ripper, by Ethan Rayne and by Joyce Summers, when she and Giles were both under a spell that made them like teenagers.
=== Agriculture ===
 
Agriculture and forestry is an area of opportunity for the country. “Angola requires 4.5 million tonnes a year of grain but grows only about 55% of the corn it needs, 20% of the rice and just 5% of its required wheat”(African economic Outlook)<ref>Muzima, Joel. Mazivila, Domingos. “Angola 2014” Retrieved from [http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org www.africaneconomicoutlook.org]
 
</ref> but “less than 3 percent of Angola's abundant fertile land is cultivated and the economic potential of the forestry sector remains largely unexploited” (World Bank).<ref>“Country partnership strategy for the republic of Angola” (15 August 2013). World Bank (Report No. 76225-A0)
 
</ref> From this fact we can appreciate the capacity that Angola has to increase production for not only for the national market but also the international one. Investing in this sector can help reduce unemployment and more specifically in the rural areas. This will undoubtedly have consequences on the living standard of rural civilians.
 
   
  +
[[File:Gilesbuffy.jpg|thumb|Giles had always been a father figure to Buffy]]
===Transport===
 
{{unreferenced section|date=November 2017}}
 
{{Main article|Transport in Angola}}
 
[[File:Aeroport-4-de-Fevereiro-Chegadas LWS1962.JPG|thumb|[[Luanda Airport|Quatro de Fevereiro Luanda Airport]] arrivals.]]
 
[[File:Benguela Railway Station (19603443258).jpg|thumb|Train station in [[Benguela]].]]
 
[[File:Cargamento de mineirios, Namibe.JPG|thumb|Ship loading minerals at Namibe harbour, Angola.]]
 
Transport in Angola consists of:
 
*Three separate [[Rail transport in Angola|railway systems]] totalling {{convert|2,761|km|mi|abbr=on}}
 
*{{convert|76626|km|0|abbr=on}} of highway of which {{convert|19156|km|0|abbr=on}} is paved
 
*1,295 navigable inland waterways
 
*Eight major [[sea port]]s
 
*243 [[List of airports in Angola|airports]], of which 32 are paved.
 
   
  +
Although seen early on as purely present to be her adviser and trainer, Giles developed a very close almost father-daughter relationship with Buffy, who lacked a father figure because of her own father never being around for her. One thing that definitely separated Giles from most Watchers was his compassion. While most Watchers were completely ruthless and fanatically devoted to their mission to the extent that they were perfectly willing to sacrifice people and perform unethical deeds, Giles truly did care for Buffy and her friends to the extent that he defied the rules of the Cruciamentum to save Buffy's life&mdash;as well as being willing to at least tolerate Angel and Spike, even after witnessing their crimes as soulless demons, although he never fully trusted them&mdash;he has shown a willingness to commit more questionable actions than the rest of the Scoobies could condone, such as killing the innocent Ben in order to prevent Glory from returning. This darkness in him was evident to the addled Tara ahead of the conflict.
Travel on highways outside of towns and cities in Angola (and in some cases within) is often not best advised for those without four-by-four vehicles. While a reasonable road infrastructure has existed within Angola, time and the war have taken their toll on the road surfaces, leaving many severely potholed, littered with broken asphalt. In many areas drivers have established alternate tracks to avoid the worst parts of the surface, although careful attention must be paid to the presence or absence of landmine warning markers by the side of the road. The Angolan government has contracted the restoration of many of the country's roads. The road between Lubango and Namibe, for example, was completed recently with funding from the European Union, and is comparable to many European main routes. Completing the road infrastructure is likely to take some decades, but substantial efforts are already being made.
 
   
  +
His personality also became darker over the years with insights into his past actions. He once reverted to his teenage personality of "Ripper," a violent criminal.<ref>"Band Candy"</ref> He was also shown to have meddled in dark magics which got a friend of his killed. He was not above using violence to solve problems, such as coercing [[Principal Snyder]] to get Buffy readmitted to school and even murdering Ben to prevent Glory from returning. Ironically, this event proved that Giles was not against the end justifying the means method, a similarity to [[Quentin Travers]], [[Wesley Wyndam-Pryce]] and [[Angel]].
Transport is an important aspect in Angola because it is strategically located and it could become a regional logistics hub. In addition Angola has some of the most important and biggest ports and so it is vital to connect them to the interior of the country as well as to neighbouring countries.
 
   
  +
==Powers and Abilities==
Tourism is creaking to its feet on the heels of the long ended stop in the civil war, and very few tourists venture anywhere in Angola yet due to lack of infrastructure.
 
  +
{{Quote|He'll be alright. He's like 'Super Librarian'. Everyone forgets, Willow. Knowledge is the ultimate weapon.|[[Alexander Harris|Xander]] |Never Kill a Boy on the First Date}}
  +
===Knowledge===
  +
Giles had immense knowledge of demonology and Slayer combat (including at least a theoretical knowledge of jujutsu and aikido, but excelling at the art of fencing), mainly due to his training as a Watcher. While he had no true supernatural powers of his own, his extensive experience in dealing with vampires, demons, and other creatures made him capable of handling them effectively. His youthful interest in [[witchcraft]] and sorcery had endured into his adult life, granting him knowledge of a wide variety of spells, though his natural aptitude for it was only moderate (much less than that of Willow or [[Amy Madison|Amy]]). Giles was proficient in several languages, including Latin, ancient Greek, Sumerian,<ref name="Primeval">"[[Primeval]]"</ref> Japanese,<ref name="Checkpoint">"[[Checkpoint]]"</ref> and possibly Gaelic,<ref>"[[Fear, Itself]]"</ref> but weak in German,<ref name="Gingerbread">"[[Gingerbread]]"</ref> Mandarin, and Cantonese.<ref name="First Date" />
  +
===Fighting Skill===
  +
Giles had moderate skill in hand-to-hand combat, as well as various melee weapons. He also implied that he was a skilled marksman.<ref name="NoFutureForYou">''[[No Future For You]]''</ref> While his demeanor was typically mild and polite, Giles was not above using raw violence to solve a problem (his nickname "Ripper" should suggest something), such as physically threatening [[Principal Snyder]] into readmitting Buffy to school after her expulsion,<ref name="'Dead Man's Party'"/> pummeling [[Angel]]us senseless with a flaming baseball bat and burning down [[The Factory|his hideout]] upon discovering that he had killed Jenny Calendar,<ref name="'Passion'"/> smothering Ben to death with his bare hands to prevent Glory's return when Buffy chooses to spare him,<ref name="'The Gift'"/> brutally beating [[Ethan Rayne]] for information<ref name="Halloween">"[[Halloween]]"</ref> or simply to improve his mood,<ref name="'A New Man'"/> manhandling Spike while ordering him to get over his obsession with Buffy,<ref name="'I Was Made to Love You'"/> and forcing Glory's minion, [[Slook]], to talk by inflicting a painful-sounding injury.<ref name="'Tough Love'"/> Typically however, Giles' calm demeanor and professionalism offered him a detached state of authority even in the face of fearsome monsters, as demonstrated during his confrontation with a violent demon.<ref>"[[The Long Way Home]]"</ref> He was also shown to be able to quickly hot-wire a car.<ref name="'Dead Man's Party'"/>
  +
===Magical Powers===
  +
<gallery type="slideshow">
  +
Gilesmagic.jpg|Giles using magic against Willow
  +
LittleGilesMagic.png
  +
KidGilesForceField.png
  +
</gallery>
  +
Giles was granted the powers of the Devon Coven in an attempt to stop Willow. During this time, he demonstrated powers such as teleportation, telekinesis, and energy projection. He lost all of these powers when Willow drained him and left him on the brink of death, but he recovered immediately after Xander calmed her down from her rampage.<ref name="'Grave'">"[[Grave]]"</ref> His moderate proficiency in magic combined with his natural acumen and intelligence made him quite formidable; he killed [[Roden]], a skillful warlock, through using a spell inventively.<ref name="NoFutureForYou" />
   
  +
When Giles was resurrected as a child, he possessed magical abilities surpassing that of his older self. This was due to him being born with a natural talent for magic which he repressed in his previous life.<ref>"[[Relationship Status: Complicated, Part One]]"</ref> Magical feats include energy blasts that could vaporize vampires, force fields and sleeping spells.
===Telecommunications===
 
The [[telecommunication]]s industry is considered one of the main strategic sectors in Angola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anip.co.ao/index.php?pag=conteudos&id=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411062215/http://www.anip.co.ao/index.php?pag=conteudos&id=6 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=11 April 2013 |title=Sectores Económicos Prioritários |publisher=ANIP |language=Portuguese }}</ref>
 
   
  +
==Relationships==
In October 2014, the building of an [[optic fiber]] underwater cable was announced.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/economia/2014/9/42/Angola-Cables-parceiros-estrangeiros-anunciam-construcao-cabo-submarino,db62f448-710d-4cc5-80c5-fcee32a1a991.html|title=Angola Cables e parceiros estrangeiros anunciam construção de cabo submarino|date=14 October 2014|publisher=ANGOP|language=Portuguese}}</ref> This project aims to turn Angola into a continental hub, thus improving Internet connections both nationally and internationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oglobo.globo.com/sociedade/tecnologia/cabo-submarino-que-ligara-brasil-africa-tera-capacidade-de-40-terabits-por-segundo-11456022|title=Cabo submarino que ligará Brasil à África terá capacidade de 40 terabits por segundo|author=Machado, André |date=30 January 2014|publisher=O Globo|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
 
  +
===Romantic===
   
  +
{{Dialogue a-b|Giles|I'm not supposed to have a private life?|Buffy|No! Because you're very, very old and it's gross.|[[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] and Giles|The Freshman}}
On 11 March 2015, the First Angolan Forum of Telecommunications and Information Technology was held in [[Luanda]] under the motto "The challenges of telecommunications in the current context of Angola",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jornaldeangola.sapo.ao/politica/nacao_esta_mais_ligada|title=Nação está mais ligada|author=Inácio, Adelina |date=12 March 2015|publisher=Jornal de Angola|language=Portuguese}}</ref> to promote debate on topical issues on [[telecommunications]] in Angola and worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/economia/2015/2/11/Angola-has-about-million-mobile-phone-network-users-Minister,2053f698-ce71-4ed2-9910-cd5819ad539d.html|title=Angola has about 14 million mobile phone network users – Minister|date=12 March 2015|publisher=ANGOP}}</ref> A study of this sector, presented at the forum, said Angola had the first telecommunications operator in Africa to test LTE - with speeds up to 400Mbit/s - and mobile penetration of about 75%; there are about 3.5 million [[smartphone]] in the Angolan market; There are about {{convert|25,000|km|mi|abbr=off}} of optical fibre installed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.platinaline.com/index.php/component/k2/item/14117-angola-com-crescimento-anual-superior-a-55-no-sector-das-tic|title=Angola com crescimento anual superior a 55% no sector das TIC|date=12 March 2015|publisher=Platina Line|language=Portuguese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.verangola.net/Artigos/Sector-das-TIC-com-crescimento-anual-superior-a-55-por-cento-na-ultima-decada=005331|title=Sector das TIC com crescimento anual superior a 55 por cento na última década|date=13 March 2015|publisher=Ver Angola|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
 
   
  +
*'''[[Charlotte (Watcher)|Charlotte]]''' — An early crush of Giles' during his time in training to be a [[Watcher]], describing her as "whip smart" and "beautiful". However, he had never found the courage to act on his interest in her or even ask her out for tea. He would eventually be forced to witness her death at the hands of a [[Lorophage Demon]] during a supposed test to prove themselves to their calling in the [[Watchers Council]].<ref>'[[Daddy Issues, Part One]]''<nowiki/>''</ref>[[File:BuffyJennyGiles.jpg|thumb|Giles and Jenny.]]
The first Angolan [[satellite]], [[Angosat 1|AngoSat-1]], will be ready for launch into orbit in 2017<ref>{{cite web|title = Lançamento de satélite angolano volta a ser adiado, agora para 2017|url = http://br.sputniknews.com/portuguese.ruvr.ru/news/2014_04_12/Lan-amento-de-sat-lite-angolano-volta-a-ser-adiado-agora-para-2017-1109/|website = br.sputniknews.com|accessdate = 19 November 2015}}</ref> and ensure telecommunications throughout the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/ciencia-e-tecnologia/2014/8/37/Conclusion-works-Angosat-project-set-for-2016,580015f8-0b1f-46b1-b6b1-ebfd1beb5253.html|title=Conclusion works of "Angosat" project set for 2016|date=8 September 2014|publisher=ANGOP}}</ref> According to Aristides Safeca, Secretary of State for Telecommunications, the satellite will provide telecommunications services, TV, internet and [[e-government]] and will remain into orbit "at best" for 18 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://observador.pt/2014/11/04/primeiro-satelite-angolano-pronto-para-ser-lancado-em-2016/|title=Primeiro satélite angolano pronto para ser lançado em 2016|author=Agência Lusa|date=4 November 2014|publisher=Observador|language=Portuguese}}</ref>
 
  +
* '''[[Janna of the Kalderash|Jenny Calendar]]''' — A computer science teacher at [[Sunnydale High]], Jenny was a techno-pagan. Giles saw her at first as a symbol of the encroachment of sterile technology into the organic world of books, but they grew closer after cooperating to defeat the [[demon]] [[Moloch]].<ref>"[[I, Robot... You, Jane]]"</ref> Giles and Jenny began to date each other, Jenny even taking him to a monster truck race, much to Giles's horror. They went through a few falling outs, only to always forgive each other. When [[Angel]] lost his soul, Jenny was found to be part of the Gypsy clan who had cursed him with a human soul in 1898. She had been sent to Sunnydale to keep an eye on him, not knowing about the loophole in the curse that cost Angel his soul. Furious at this believed betrayal, Giles initially joined [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] in ostracizing Jenny.<ref name="Innocence">"[[Innocence]]"</ref> Buffy would later tell her that Giles missed her and Jenny confesses to Giles that she fell in love with him, only for him to find her dead and killed by Angelus. Devastated by this event, he had attempted to kill Angelus only to be stopped by Buffy. He admitted that in all his years as [[Watcher]] he had buried many but Jenny was the first that he loved.<ref name="'Passion'">"[[Passion]]"</ref> Driven by grief, he had insisted soon after her death that she was haunting the school despite the clear evidence that she wasn't.<ref>"[[I Only Have Eyes for You]]"
  +
</ref> When [[Drusilla]] had manipulated his mind by seeing "with his heart", it was Jenny who had appeared which enabled Angelus to find out how [[Acathla]] would be unleashed.<ref name="Becoming, Part Two">"[[Becoming, Part Two]]"</ref> Her death caused Giles and the rest of the [[Scoobies]] (excluding Buffy) to distrust Angel when he was re-ensouled. Many years later, Giles had to sacrifice a beloved memory in his life in order to anchor a spell that would bind a [[demon]] possessing a little girl, the memory being the day he fell in love with Jenny.<ref name="'Live Through This'" />
   
  +
* '''[[Joyce Summers]]''' — Often, Joyce and Giles confided in each other about Buffy as both of them represented parental figures in her life. Though when Buffy briefly exiled herself from Sunnydale to [[Los Angeles]], Joyce angrily told Giles she blamed him and that he had this relationship with her behind her back, much to his guilt.<ref>"[[Anne (episode)|Anne]]"</ref> However, as [[Sunnydale]]'s adult population came under the influence of magical chocolate, Giles reverted to his rebellious teenage persona, Ripper. He romanced Joyce and got intimate with her twice, including once on the hood of a police car.<ref name="'Band Candy'">"[[Band Candy]]"</ref> They were too embarrassed afterward to be romantically involved again. [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] realized to her great horror, that her mother had slept with Giles twice<ref>"[[Earshot]]"</ref> and she would later mention to him (in [[Faith Lehane|Faith]]'s body) that her mother thought that he was like a stevedore during sex, a moment which was truly awkward for Giles.<ref>"[[Who Are You]]"</ref>
===Technology===
 
The management of the [[top-level domain]] '.ao' will pass from [[Portugal]] to Angola in 2015, following new legislation.<ref>[http://www.telecompaper.com/news/angola-to-manage-own-internet-domain-from-2015--1037238 Angola to manage own internet domain from 2015] Telecompaper, 16 September 2014</ref> A joint decree of minister of Telecommunications and Information Technologies José Carvalho da Rocha and the minister of Science and Technology, Maria Cândida Pereira Teixeira, states that "under the massification" of that Angolan domain, "conditions are created for the transfer of the domain root '.ao' of Portugal to Angola".<ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2014/09/16/angola-manages-its-own-internet-domain/ Angola manages its own Internet domain] Macauhub, 16 September 2014</ref>
 
   
  +
* '''[[Olivia Williams]]''' — During his period of unemployment, Giles began seeing this "old friend", an English woman with whom he seemed to share a casual, albeit sexual, on-again off-again relationship. Olivia seemingly met him during his Ripper era, the 1970s, as he had once claimed to her that he had been a founding member of Pink Floyd, as well as being into the occult. Olivia visited him from [[England]] around the time the [[Gentlemen]] came to Sunnydale. Bothered by the demon-fighting life Giles lived, Olivia presumably broke up with Giles then after.<ref>"[[Hush]]"</ref> Olivia was seen one last time in a dream state,<ref name="'Restless'">"[[Restless]]"</ref> in which she was pregnant and had bonded him over [[Buffy]] when they took her in a "demon carnival".<ref name="'Restless'">"[[Restless]]"</ref> Many years later, Olivia was apparently told of Giles' death at Angel's hands. She was, according to [[Lavinia]], very upset and distraught by it.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Olivia reunited with Giles following his resurrection where he attempted to reignite their relationship. However, she rejected him due to his prepubescent body.<ref>"[[Love Dares You, Part One]]"</ref>
==Demographics==
 
{{Main article|Demographics of Angola}}
 
[[File:Angola Population Pyramid 2012.png|thumb|left|Population Pyramid of Angola in 2012]]
 
   
  +
===Paternal===
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px"
 
  +
[[File:Gilesscoobies.jpg|thumb|Giles with the other core Scoobies]]
! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;" |Population in Angola<ref>"[http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2000/annex-tables.pdf Table 2. Total population by country, 1950, 2000, 2015, 2025 and 2050 (medium-variant)]". (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. p. 27.</ref><ref>"[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/print_ao.html Angola]". CIA World Factbook.</ref>
 
|-
 
! style="background:#cfb;" |Year
 
! style="background:#cfb;" |Million
 
|-
 
| style="text-align:left;" |1950 || style="text-align:right;" |4.1
 
|-
 
| style="text-align:left;" |2000 || style="text-align:right;" |13.1
 
|-
 
| style="text-align:left;" |2014 || style="text-align:right;" |25.8
 
|}
 
   
  +
{{Quote|From time to time, I am asked--by people with an alarming lack of tact--why a man like myself, who has demonstrated an affinity for working with children, has none of his own. Other people's children are quite enough, thank you.|Rupert Giles|Live Through This}}
Angola has a population of 24,383,301 inhabitants according to the preliminary results of its 2014 census, the first one conducted or carried out since 15 December 1970.<ref name="INE Angola" /> It is composed of [[Ovimbundu]] (language [[Umbundu]]) 37%, [[Northern Mbundu people|Ambundu]] (language [[Kimbundu]]) 23%, [[Bakongo]] 13%, and 32% other ethnic groups (including the [[Chokwe people|Chokwe]], the [[Ovambo people|Ovambo]], the [[Ganguela]] and the [[Xindonga]]) as well as about 2% ''[[mestiço]]s'' (mixed European and African), 1.6% Chinese and 1% European.<ref name="CIA" /> The Ambundu and Ovimbundu ethnic groups combined form a majority of the population, at 62%.<ref>As no reliable census data exist at this stage (2011), all these numbers are rough estimates only, subject to adjustments and updates.</ref> The population is forecast to grow to over 60 million people to 2050, 2.7 times the 2014 population.<ref>[http://www.prb.org/DataFinder/Topic/Rankings.aspx?ind=1&loc=294 2050 Population as a Multiple of 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101305/http://www.prb.org/DataFinder/Topic/Rankings.aspx?ind=1&loc=294 |date=2 April 2015 }}. PRB 2014 World Population Data Sheet</ref> However, on 23 March 2016, official data revealed by Angola's National Statistic Institute – Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), states that Angola has a population of 25.789.024 inhabitants.
 
   
  +
Giles took a parental role in the lives of Buffy, Willow, Xander, Anya, and much later, Faith. After Giles comes to stop the havoc Dark Willow is wreaking and Buffy and Anya call his name in surprise, Willow snidely remarked "Uh-oh, daddy's home! I'm in wicked trouble now."<ref name="Two to Go"/>
It is estimated that Angola was host to 12,100 refugees and 2,900 asylum seekers by the end of 2007. 11,400 of those refugees were originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo, who arrived in the 1970s.<ref>U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110126130051/http://www.refugees.org/countryreports.aspx?id=2117 "World Refugee Survey 2008"]. p. 37</ref> {{As of|2008}} there were an estimated 400,000 [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] migrant workers,<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,USCRI,,COD,456d621e2,485f50c0c,0.html World Refugee Survey 2008 – Angola] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510005710/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CUSCRI%2C%2CCOD%2C456d621e2%2C485f50c0c%2C0.html |date=10 May 2011 }}, UNHCR. NB: This figure is highly doubtful, as it makes no clear distinction between migrant workers, refugees and immigrants.</ref> at least 220,000 [[Portuguese Angolans|Portuguese]],<ref name="Observatório da Emigração">{{cite web|title=José Eduardo dos Santos diz que trabalhadores portugueses são bem-vindos em Angola|url=http://www.observatorioemigracao.secomunidades.pt/np4/3607.html|publisher=Observatório da Emigração|accessdate=22 July 2013|quote=…presença de cerca de 200 mil trabalhadores portugueses no país…}}</ref> and about 259,000 [[Chinese people in Angola|Chinese living in Angola]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://visao.sapo.pt/angola-cerca-de-259000-chineses-vivem-atualmente-no-pais=f660830|title=Angola: Cerca de 259.000 chineses vivem atualmente no país|work=Visão|date=25 April 2012|accessdate=13 January 2013}}</ref>
 
   
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[[File:S1l3.jpg|thumb|Giles and his slayer who he quickly grew to love like a daughter.]]
Since 2003, more than 400,000 [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] migrants have been expelled from Angola.<ref>"[http://www.ipsnews.net/2012/05/calls-for-angola-to-investigate-abuse-of-congolese-migrants/ Calls for Angola to Investigate Abuse of Congolese Migrants]". [[Inter Press Service]]. 21 May 2012</ref> Prior to independence in 1975, Angola had a community of approximately 350,000 Portuguese,<ref>{{cite journal|author=Bender, Gerald |author2= Yoder, Stanley |title=Whites in Angola on the Eve of Independence. The Politics of Numbers|journal=Africa Today|volume= 21 |issue=4|year=1974|pages=23–27|jstor=4185453}}</ref><ref>[http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displayStory.cfm?story_id=12079340 Flight from Angola], ''The Economist '', 16 August 1975 puts the number at 500,000, but this is an estimate lacking appropriate sources.</ref> but the vast majority left after independence and the ensuing civil war. However, Angola has recovered its Portuguese minority in recent years; currently, there are about 200,000 registered with the consulates, and increasing due to the debt crisis in Portugal and the relative prosperity in Angola.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.publico.pt/economia/noticia/jose-eduardo-dos-santos-diz-que-trabalhadores-portugueses-sao-bem-vindos-em-angola-1596693 |location=Lisbon |work=Público | first1=Rita | last1=Siza | title=José Eduardo dos Santos diz que trabalhadores portugueses são bem-vindos em Angola | date=6 June 2013}}</ref> The Chinese population stands at 258,920, mostly composed of temporary migrants.<ref>Phillips, Tom (26 August 2012) "[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9500517/Chinese-gangsters-repatriated-from-Angola.html Chinese 'gangsters' repatriated from Angola]", ''The Daily Telegraph''</ref> Also, there is a small [[Brazil]]ian community of about 5,000 people.<ref>[https://globalvoices.org/2008/08/17/angola-brazil-a-culture-shock-divide/: Angola, Brazil – A culture shock divide]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 
  +
* '''[[Buffy Summers]]''' — Giles initially held an overall bad impression of Buffy, due to her original reluctance to accept her calling and many of her odd personality quirks that did nothing but confuse him, describing her as "willful and insolent" in his early [[Watcher]] notes.<ref name="'Bad Girls'">"[[Bad Girls]]"</ref> However, Giles became immensely fond of her and took on the father figure in her life, as her own father [[Hank Summers]] was never around. Their close bond became such that Buffy even went to him to take her ice skating when her father had bailed on her. Though their relationship hit a strain when Giles had dosed her with [[Cruciamentum]] on order of the [[Watchers Council]] on her 18th birthday. While Buffy was put in great danger against a powerful [[vampire]], Giles confronted the council over such cruel treatment. Buffy was initially furious that he had taken advantage of her trust but was touched that he had stood up against them. However, Giles was promptly fired from the [[Watchers Council]] by [[Quentin Travers]] as he had developed a father's love for Buffy which only caused him to be a liability.<ref name="'Helpless'">"[[Helpless]]"</ref> Following [[Wesley Wyndam-Pryce|Wesley]]'s migration into the Scooby Gang and position as the new Watcher, Buffy still valued Giles' opinions much more and went to him directly instead of her actual watcher, due to her contempt for Wesley and respect for Giles. Following Buffy's enter into college, she became less dependent on Giles which often caused him to feel unappreciated and left out. Buffy had forgotten to tell Giles that [[Riley Finn|Riley]] was one of the commandos in a military operation and was deeply annoyed and hurt when everyone (even [[Spike]] and [[Anya Jenkins|Anya]]) were aware of it. When [[Maggie Walsh]] had criticized Buffy of having an absent father figure, Giles was very offended by this claim and developed a dislike of the woman because of it. After his time as a [[Fyarl Demon]] was reversed, Giles expressed concern over Buffy's relationship with Riley given his affiliation with [[The Initiative]]. Buffy brushed off his worries and saw Riley and The Initiative as two separate things.<ref name="'A New Man'">"[[A New Man]]"</ref>  Spike would later take note of Giles' feeling of uselessness as he attempted to turn him against Buffy under orders of [[Adam]]. After Spike mentioned how Buffy did not need him anymore and treated him with no respect by constantly disobeying him, Giles had took this to heart and began excessively drinking. He had showed abrupt rudeness towards Buffy and claimed Adam would easily destroy her since she no longer trained with him, clearly intoxicated with alcohol. Buffy showed great annoyance with this and described Giles as "a funny drunk drooling on my shoes" when arguing that none of them would be able to help her,<ref name="'The Yoko Factor'">"[[The Yoko Factor]]"</ref> but reconciled soon after.<ref name="Primeval" /> In a dream created by [[The First Slayer]], Buffy was portrayed as at acting like a young girl instead of her true age, and pulling Giles around like he was her father. Giles had shown protectiveness and his watcher-like habits over Buffy, but also started displaying a vague undertone of "tough love", foreshadowing his later departure of [[Sunnydale]] when Buffy refused to grow up after her resurrection. It also demonstrated how he was truly beginning to feel that she did not need him anymore as an adult.<ref name="'Restless'" /> Nevertheless, Giles' sense of Buffy not needing to learn anything from him anymore returned and though immensely proud of the girl he saw as a daughter, he had resolved to return to [[England]]. Before he could actually leave, Buffy confronted to him and requested Giles to began her Slayer training again as she felt the desire to understand her true nature; Giles, pleased, agreed immediately.<ref name="'Buffy vs. Dracula'">"[[Buffy vs. Dracula]]"</ref> After the Watchers Council threatened to deport Giles back to England if Buffy didn't allow them to test her slayer abilities, Giles expressed disgust at how low they would go and the two shared a moment together.<ref name="Checkpoint" /> When Spike's feelings for Buffy were exposed to the [[Scooby Gang]], Giles was extremely protective of her and ordered Spike to leave them and move on with his life out of concern for Buffy.<ref name="'I Was Made to Love You'">"[[I Was Made to Love You]]"</ref> When she was forced to be the legal guardian of Dawn, Buffy doubted she was mature enough to be suitable and begged Giles to take care of Dawn instead as an authority figure.  He firmly declined, reminding Buffy that it was her job since she was Dawn's only family.<ref name="'Tough Love'">"[[Tough Love]]"</ref> After getting severely wounded by a Knight of Byzantium, Giles confessed to Buffy his overwhelming pride over her and that he had always admired her ability to follow her heart above all else.<ref name="'Spiral'">"[[Spiral]]"</ref>  Buffy and Giles briefly argued with each other while on the run from [[Glorificus|Glory]] as he had suggested killing [[Dawn Summers|Dawn]] to save the world which Buffy refused. Upon seeing Buffy's lifeless body after she sacrificed herself, Giles was stunned and numb.<ref name="'Spiral'" /> Following Buffy's death, Giles was grief-stricken, feeling a great sense of failure for not keeping her from dying. Because of this, he remained in [[Sunnydale]] as well as the [[Magic Box]] despite Anya's frequent protests. Eventually, he departed to England<ref name="'Bargaining, Part One'">"[[Bargaining, Part One]]"</ref> only to return immediately following Buffy's resurrection. Giles hugged Buffy upon seeing her, and lovingly told her he had always seen her as a miracle. The two caught up, Giles expressing his worry over where she had been and how she was dealing with being back. Despite this, he argued with Willow over her reckless resurrection and that while he was glad she was alive again, he would've stopped it if he had been there, pointing out the consequences were far too risky.<ref name="'Flooded'">"[[Flooded]]"</ref>  As Buffy began to shirk off her adult duties to Giles such as paying bills,<ref>"[[Life Serial]]"</ref> Giles realized that he was standing in the way of her embracing adulthood, resolving to leave to England as he would always take the burden for her due to his hatred of watching her suffer. Buffy reacted with anger, believing him to be abandoning her in her time of need and his departure became one of the many factors that caused her to embark on a highly destructive sexual relationship with Spike.<ref name="'Tabula Rasa'">"[[Tabula Rasa]]"</ref> Giles returned later to help fight against Dark Willow and Buffy and Giles returned to good terms.<ref name="'Grave'">"[[Grave]]"</ref> Giles aided Buffy against [[The First]] as well as the Potential slayers but their relationship once again became strained. He had conspired with [[Robin Wood]] to take out Spike against Buffy's wishes, feeling him to be too much of a threat to be allowed to live and that her feelings for him were clouding her judgement. Furious at this, Buffy had roughly slammed the door in his face afterwards.<ref name="LMPTM" /> Giles and Buffy also had another heated argument about her decision to face [[Caleb]] at where she thought he was and wanted everyone to accept it, being one of the many that forced her out of her own house.<ref name="'Empty Places'">"[[Empty Places]]"</ref> They seemed to reconcile their bond but it again went through another falling out due to Giles's partnership with [[Faith Lehane|Faith]],<ref name="'No Future For You'">"[[No Future For You]]"</ref> falling out of speaking terms until forced into Tibet to hide from [[Twilight]].<ref>"[[Retreat]]"</ref> They finally seemed to make peace, only for Giles to have his neck broken by a Twilight-possessed [[Angel]]. Furious, stunned, and grief-stricken, Buffy smashed the [[Seed of Wonder]], ending magic on [[Earth]] as a result. In his will, Giles had left Buffy the slayer handbook he had given to her long ago named ''[[Vampyr]]'', Faith interpreting it as Buffy being the "true slayer" and that she was still "number one son".<ref name="'Last Gleaming'" /> When he was brought back to life by Faith and Angel, Buffy was decided to remain in the dark of the development. While Angel was excited over telling her, Giles had felt differently. He reasoned that Buffy would not be there quick enough to help them defeat [[Whistler]] since he was an immediate threat, but also it was far too early to say such that when had just been resurrected in a matter of ''hours''.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> After the battle with Whistler, Giles decided to go to [[San Francisco]], stating to Faith that the time he was at his best was when he was with Buffy.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
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* '''[[Willow Rosenberg]]''' — Since she first asked Giles, "What can I do?" and he responded, "You can help me," Willow has proven to be an invaluable assistant in the fight against evil for both Giles and Buffy. Giles and Willow developed a very close and tight bond, having mutual respect for each others talents, Giles once claiming her as " truly the finest of all of them.".<ref>"[[Doppelgangland]]"</ref> However, their relationship eventually became briefly conflicted in Season Six as Giles had shown anger at Willow's abuse of dark magic, insulting her to be a " rank, arrogant amateur" and that by resurrecting Buffy, she could've unleashed hell on earth.<ref name="'Flooded'" /> When Willow turned dark, he had fought against her with powerful magic he borrowed from the council but in the end lost as she absorbed his magic, causing him to be on the verge of dying.<ref name="'Grave'" /> Despite his near-death at the hands of Dark Willow, Giles forgave her immediately and took to his estate in England, aiding her in learning to recover from her addiction to magic and face her friends for her misdeeds, showing a new depth to their relationship.<ref>"[[Lessons]]"</ref> After [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] and Giles' fallout because of [[Faith Lehane|Faith]],<ref name="'No Future For You'" /> while discussing the [[Dracula]]-type [[vampires]], Willow had noted to Buffy "If Giles were here, he'd say "''Precisely!'' and then rub his glasses on his shirt. ".<ref>"[[Wolves at the Gate]]"</ref> Following Giles' death at the hands of [[Twilight]], Willow grieved like the rest of the [[Scooby Gang]]. Despite her great respect and platonic love for Giles, she originally disapproved of Angel's efforts to resurrect him, seeing it as ending in nothing but disaster.<ref>"[[Family Reunion, Part One]]"</ref>
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* '''[[Xander Harris]]''' — Giles was often annoyed with Xander's behavior while Xander often joked about his doddering; winning a bet with [[Willow Rosenberg|Willow]] when he predicted that Giles would mention consulting his books in the first 10 minutes of school, claiming Giles' underwear was also tweed and showing surprise at his possession of a television, remarking that "[Giles is] shallow, like the rest of us". Giles tended to overlook Xander's approach to things, noting that Xander always managed "to boil a complex thought down to its simplest possible form".<ref name="'Passion'" /> Though, at rare times Giles did react grimly to Xander's triviality such as when Xander fell asleep while watching [[werewolf]] [[Daniel Osbourne|Oz]],<ref>"[[Beauty and the Beasts]]"</ref> leading him to escape and when Xander got split into his best and worst qualities, Giles had bluntly deduced that Xander was being a bad influence on himself as they began to act childish in the same way.<ref name="'The Replacement'">"[[The Replacement]]"</ref> Another example was when Giles expressed extreme annoyance at Xander's quips of 'turning gay' after an unsuccessful date with a [[Lissa|demonic woman]] who had tried to kill him.<ref name="First Date" /> Nevertheless, they seemed to have some odd type of father/son bond for the most part. Xander and Giles are a lot alike. Xander may not have Giles' intelligence, but he has heart and his detective skills. Giles is proud of his decision to become a watcher.
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*'''[[Cordelia Chase]]''' — Giles and Cordelia's relationship early on mirrored that of his bonds with [[Anya Jenkins|Anya]] and [[Alexander Harris|Xander]]. Like most of the [[Scooby Gang]], Giles was thoroughly annoyed by her trademark lack of tact, shallowness, and self-absorbed personality. He originally had a mild distaste of her and on one occasion had feigned her hair being messed up somehow, noting with satisfaction that Xander was right in it would cause her to leave.<ref>"[[The Puppet Show]]"</ref> While he eventually tried to ignore Cordelia's quirks, there were many occasions when he had failed. Such examples include when had had exasperatedly questioned if she had ever heard of tact when she had mentioned [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]]'s dead cousin<ref>"[[Killed by Death]]"</ref> and he had snapped at her for asking incessant questions about [[demons]] while he was trying to focus. Cordelia looked down on his stuffy, uptight attitude but did respect his knowledge of the supernatural and looked to him as the parental figure of the [[Scooby Gang]] like the rest of them. She had once distrusted Giles during Buffy's welcome back party, worried that he was a [[zombie]] but immediately recognized it was him when Giles had insulted her as being tiresome.<ref name="'Dead Man's Party'">"[[Dead Man's Party]]"</ref> She had also, on one occasion, told him she hated him when he had caused her to carry droppings of a toad for a spell without telling her what it is first but was clearly exaggerating her words.<ref name="Gingerbread" /> They lost contact with one another when she departed [[Sunnydale]] and moved to [[Los Angeles]] to pursue her dream of being an actress.<ref>"[[City Of]]"</ref>
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* '''[[Anya Jenkins]]''' — Initially, Giles was struck by Anya's abrupt rudeness, the first time when she told him to go away in his own home, because she wanted to talk to [[Alexander Harris|Xander]] alone and the second time when she referred to his girlfriend [[Olivia Williams]] as his "orgasm friend".<ref name="Hush" /> Giles was also immensely annoyed and uncomfortable when Anya asked to have a threesome with Xander after he was split in two, requesting the group to ignore "the disturbing sex talk."<ref name="'The Replacement'" /> Given how overwhelming running the [[Magic Box]] had proven for him, Giles recognized Anya's efficiency behind the counter and offered her a job.<ref name="'No Place Like Home'">"[[No Place Like Home]]"</ref> Through this, Anya looked up to him as a keen business man and as her boss, and he treated her like a daughter, albeit a strange one. They did have their argument when Giles unknowing sold [[Glorificus|Glory]] key ingredients to a dangerous ritual, Anya noticed the potency of the ingredients and called Giles stupid whereon he replied "Allow me to answer that question with a firing".<ref>[[Shadow]]</ref> After [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]]'s death, Anya became impatient with Giles as she wanted ownership over the Magic Box, which Giles eventually gave to her.<ref name="'Bargaining, Part One'" /> When Giles returned after Buffy's resurrection, Anya hugged him, though immediately informed him also that he could not have the shop again and that he signed papers.<ref name="'Flooded'" /> When Willow had performed a spell that backfired and caused everyone to loss their memories, Anya and Giles believed they were engaged due to the ring she was wearing and that they owned a magic shop together. However, they erupted into arguments easily when Anya kept creating bunnies from the wrong spell book and she had angrily claimed that she never understood all the British words he used around her. Giles had come to the conclusion that he was leaving her (due to the passport to England) and had understood why after Anya had hit him over the head with a book, as she felt a desire to seek vengeance on him. They had forgiven each other and shared a kiss, only for their memories to be restored right after. Neither of them ever brought it up again afterwards, too embarrassed to do so and their relationship returned to it's platonic nature.<ref name="'Tabula Rasa'" /> When Giles returned a second time during [[Willow Rosenberg|Willow]]'s reign of evil, he briefly dispatched Willow and Anya informed him that she dyed her hair blond, just when he noticed that Buffy had cut hers. When Giles' magically energy was drained, Anya stayed with him, thinking the world would end and they would die.<ref name="'Grave'" />
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*'''[[Dawn Summers]]''' — Like he did with [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]], Giles represented a strong father figure role in Dawn's life. However, on one occasion, he was asked to babysit Dawn while Buffy was at a party and had been forced to endure teenage pop music, eat cookie dough, and gossip about boys, much to Giles' horror. After the experience, Giles suggested a fourteen-year old was too old to be babysat.<ref name="'I Was Made to Love You'" /> He also rejected taking up the role of Dawn's paternal guardian, believing that Buffy was the suitable option since she was her family.<ref name="'Tough Love'" /> On the eve of the final battle with Glory, Giles had suggested that Dawn would have to be killed if they could not stop her in time, angering Buffy. He admitted he loved Dawn, but sometimes they would have to do things that others couldn't.<ref name="'The Gift'">"[[The Gift]]"</ref>  Despite this, Giles held fatherly affection for Dawn and was genuinely regretful after he decided to leave to England, reassuring a upset Dawn that he was only a phone call away.<ref name="'Bargaining, Part One'" /> When he returned, they had apparently been about to experiment with different cereals and mix them together, only to be attacked by a [[demon]].<ref name="'Flooded'" /> Giles gradually became the sole guardian of Dawn,<ref name="ATW" /> forced to scold her for her immature actions which were absently avoided by Buffy in Season Six. Later, Giles had comforted a guilty, upset Dawn after forcing Buffy out of her own house.<ref name="'Empty Places'" /> Because of their close bond, it's likely Dawn grieved for his passing.
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* '''[[Faith Lehane]] ''' — After the destruction of Sunnydale Giles and Faith traveled together, defeating or counseling rogue [[slayers]].<ref>"[[Safe]]"</ref> During their brief partnership, Giles and Faith seemed to develop a close bond due to both of them having a strained relationship with [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] at the time.<ref name="'No Future For You'" /> Faith later admitted to [[Angel]] that he was important to her and she missed him. It was shown that at one point she had shared with him her guilt over murdering [[Professor Worth]] and Giles had displayed great understanding, gently saying that he could make excuses about her being mentally unstable at the time but she still killed someone and the best option was to outweigh the bad with a lifetime of good.<ref name="'Live Through This'" /> It would appear that they had a combination of a partnership and a parental/child relationship, though upon his death, Faith stated to [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] that she [Buffy] was "number one son" and that Giles only gave her his estate in London as well as other things because he thought she needed it more than Buffy did.<ref name="'Last Gleaming'" /> Since then, Faith joined Angel in attempting to complete Giles' finished work and find a way to bring him back to life, although she was only going along with the plan so as to be there for him and stop him from going too far. Eventually, however, Faith begun to be more emotionally immersed in resurrecting Giles. She realized that she desperately needed him back, Giles having become like a father to her during their travels together.<ref>"[[Spike and Faith]]"</ref> When Giles was resurrected, Faith reacted with shock and disbelief at the form he had taken. Overcoming this and Giles' "raging pre-teen hormones", Faith and Giles quickly rekindled their bond. Giles had expressed to Faith his disconnection from the world and how felt he no longer had a place in it, struggling to find his purpose. Faith had tried to comfort him by comparing it to herself, but Giles denied her words. He dejectedly explained that he was sorry he did not come back as the authority figure she wanted, but then claimed she did not need the old him anyone. In fact, as far he was concerned, ''no one'' truly needed him.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> After [[Whistler]]'s death, Giles and Faith argued over who would own his house in London. Giles insisted she should keep it so she'd have a place to rest while Faith believed he deserved it back since he wasn't dead anymore. However, the argument was briefly forgot about when he asked if he could travel with Faith to [[San Francisco]]. While she initially believed he wanted to spent time with her, it turned out Giles' intention was to return to Buffy, much to Faith's visible disappointment.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
   
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=== Friendships===
The [[total fertility rate]] of Angola is 5.54 children born per woman (2012 estimates), the 11th highest in the world.<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=United States Central Intelligence Agency }}</ref>
 
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*'''[[Alasdair Coames]]'''
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===Familial===
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*'''[[Mr. Giles]] ''' — Giles' father was a [[watcher]] and held firm notions of responsibility and destiny. When Giles was still a child, his father had not allowed him to be a fighter pilot when he grew up and forced the duty as a future watcher on him, believing it to be his destiny and nothing else.<ref>"[[Never Kill a Boy on the First Date]]"</ref> From the beginning, Giles had a tense relationship with his father but after a failed test against a supposed vampire (who turned out to be [[Lorophage Demon]]) and the resulted deaths of [[Phillip]] and [[Charlotte (Watcher)|Charlotte]], it worsened.<ref name="'Daddy Issues'" /> Giles angrily blamed him for testing them when none of them were ready, calling it murder. While his father pushed his notions of loyalty to the [[Watchers Council]], Giles rebelled. Tired of being "chosen" to take part in a life he never wanted, he called his father and this way of life an obscenity, deciding to make his own choices that had nothing to do with being a watcher.<ref name="Daddy Issues, Part One" />
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*'''[[Edna Giles]] ''' — As a young boy, Giles was revealed to be very close to his grandmother. According to [[Lavinia]], this was partly because he had inherited her sense of honor and accordance to duty. [[Sophronia Fairweather|Sophie]] claimed it was also because he thought she was so "bloody superior" because she had aged gracefully. When he had accidentally killed a [[light demon]], Edna had agreed with [[Mr. Giles|her son]] to have him train to become a future [[watcher]] because of his latent talents towards magics.<ref name="'Women of a Certain Age'">"[[Women of a Certain Age]]"</ref>
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*'''[[Lavinia Fairweather]] ''' — Giles' great aunt that had been using magics for years to keep her appearance youthful. His relationship with her was apparently strained and estranged, due to his beliefs and contempt of his family using magic for such frivolous means. He had later in life rarely mentioned them, but seemed to care for her as he kept a family portrait of them up in his estate. <ref name="'Women of a Certain Age'" /> Following Giles' resurrection, his strained relationship with his aunts was immediately seen. Lavinia and Sophie were in accidentally responsible for his reversion to a 12-year old boy, due to their thoughts having been solely focused on the young child whose life they had ruined. Once aware of this, Giles proceeded to call them idiots and that had ruined his life once again in a fit of anger. Lavinia and her sister remained flippant of his attitude and instead teased him as being cute as a little boy, much to Giles' immense irritation.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> Once the world was safe from the magical plague, Giles wanted to leave London, at least partially because of his distaste of being around his shallow aunts.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
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*'''[[Sophronia Fairweather]] ''' — His other aunt, Giles' relationship with Sophie mirrored his bond with [[Lavinia]]. Giles believed using magic for beauty care techniques were shallow and unethical. Rarely mentioning Sophie, he had kept one of their family portraits. <ref name="'Women of a Certain Age'" /> Being equally as responsible for Giles' resurrection as a twelve year boy as her a sister, he had angrily pinned the blame on them and that claimed they had ruined his life once again. This earned him some lighthearted teasing of his "cute" form, not amusing Giles in the least.<ref>"[[What You Want, Not What You Need]]"</ref> He would eventually leave London, partially because he did not want to be around her or Lavinia.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
   
===Languages===
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===Antagonistic===
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*'''[[Ethan Rayne]] ''' — During Giles' youth and rebellious years, he met Ethan and together they delved deeper together in the dark magics with a group. They consequently became best friends for some time until they went too far with their magics and summoned up a [[demon]] in the process. It had possessed their friend [[Randall]] and they had attempted to exorcise it, only to cause his death. Giles was guilt-stricken by this and distanced himself from dark magic, deciding to embrace is career as a [[watcher]]. After this, Giles and Ethan became mortal enemies due to Ethan's continued fascination with dark magic and chaos.<ref name="'The Dark Age'">"[[The Dark Age]]"</ref> Ethan later appeared in [[Sunnydale]] to wreck havoc on Halloween, which infuriated Giles with how little he changed.<ref name="Halloween" /> When Giles reverted to his teenage, rebellious persona due to the magical candy, he had immediately been hostilely aggressive toward Ethan. He had attempted to beat him up several times, requesting Buffy to "knock his teeth down his throat. " However, [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] had prevented him from killing him as she needed information. Giles did however show great elation when she finally punched Ethan in the face.<ref name="'Band Candy'" /> The following year, Giles once again reunited with him but upon seeing him, he told Ethan bluntly that beating him up would improve his mood by quite a bit. However, he is persuaded by him to not fight him and instead, decided to drink together and reminisce about the old days. Unfortunately, this backfired for Giles as Ethan ended up transforming him into a [[Fyarl Demon]]. Giles desperately tried to find him and once he did, proceeded to furiously beat him up the point he would've killed him. However, Buffy and Riley prevented it and Ethan was able to reverse the spell.<ref name="'A New Man'" />
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
 
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*'''[[Principal Snyder]] ''' — During his job as librarian in [[Sunnydale High]], Giles was forced to work under Principal Snyder. He was tolerant of him most of the time but only because he had to be. Giles harbored a distaste of the principal throughout all his years he worked under him and Snyder had looked down upon him as well, finding him incompetent. He had mostly disliked Giles, due to his failure to understand why he was so close to [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] and so much potential in her; all he ever saw was a irresponsible delinquent. However, Giles had at one point threatened Snyder with violence when he didn't allow Buffy to be accepted back into his school.<ref name="'Dead Man's Party'" /> When Snyder was eaten by [[The Mayor]], along with the rest of the [[Scooby Gang]], they did not miss him.<ref name="'Graduation Day, Part Two'">"[[Graduation Day, Part Two]]"</ref>
{{Essay|section|date=December 2016}}
 
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*'''[[Gwendolyn Post]] ''' — Post had appeared to the [[Scooby Gang]] under the guise of being [[Faith Lehane|Faith]]'s new [[watcher]] by orders of the council. Giles had been shown to be slightly offended and disappointed by this perceived development, likely because he had enjoyed training them both. Post had continually expressed a superior and pompous attitude to him, criticizing him for his lack of organization in his books and unorthodox methods of allowing Buffy and Faith so much freedom and lack of restrictions. She had even pushed it further by claiming the council believed he was becoming "too American", much to Giles' dismay and Buffy's shock. Giles had attempted to prove her wrong but was frustrated to realize it had taken him very long to find the proper book she had mentioned. Greatly annoyed with this and Post herself, [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] had suggested somewhat jokingly if they could kill her and his response was " I think the council might frown upon that. " Despite his antagonism, they did have tea together only for Gwen to hit him severely over the head and knock him out.<ref>"[[Revelations]]"</ref>
{{Refimprove section|date=December 2016}}}}
 
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*'''[[Quentin Travers]] ''' — After [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]]'s [[Cruciamentum]], Giles had spoken out harshly against Quentin, developing a great amount of disgust at his uncaring exterior and harsh ways. Quentin remained indifferent to this and instead took it upon himself to fire Giles from the [[Watchers Council]], his reasoning being that he had betrayed the teachings of the council by aiding the [[Slayer]], telling her the truth, and had developed an attachment to Buffy akin to that of a father's love. Therefore, he had declared him entirely useless to the council.<ref name="'Helpless'" /> Giles would later reunite with him over a year later when he came to possibly give a job back to the Watchers Council if he had trained Buffy well enough through the traditional methods. Giles was shown to still be bitter over his last firing and was revolted when the Council threatened to deport him to [[England]] indefinitely if he did not comply to their orders. After Buffy turned the tables on the Council and Quentin, the two then ironically shared a drink together.<ref name="Checkpoint" /> In the beginning, Quentin and Giles were depicted at being very different people. However, later in the following years, he ironically adopted some of Quentin's ruthlessness and "ends justifies the means" beliefs.<ref name="'The Gift'" /><ref name="LMPTM" />
{{Main article|Languages of Angola}}
 
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*'''[[Wesley Wyndam-Pryce]] ''' — From the beginning, Wesley and Giles had a bad relationship. This was because of Wesley's original high superiority complex to mostly everyone, especially Giles who was his senior. Giles, on the other hand, had very little respect for his fellow [[watcher]] and rarely ever took him seriously. Wesley was so incompetent during his time in [[Sunnydale]] that [[Buffy Summers|Buffy]] had continued going to Giles for advice instead of her new watcher, much to Wesley's great annoyance. He had also declared arrogantly that Giles had an emotional problem and that was his unusual attachment to the [[slayer]] which exasperated the older man. They did, however, ironically clean their glasses once at exactly the same time without looking at each other.<ref name="'Bad Girls'" /> Oddly enough, they seemed to have a slight bond of camaraderie as they often worked together as watchers for [[Faith Lehane|Faith]] and Buffy (Giles unofficially), even able to relate to each other somewhat due to their preferred resource of books. Giles and Wesley had even once participated in a fencing match, sparring each other. During the prom at [[Sunnydale High]], Wesley had asked for advice from Giles and if he could dance with [[Cordelia Chase|Cordelia]] despite being much older than her. Extremely annoyed by his, he had rudely told him she was eighteen years and bluntly insulted him by claiming that he had the "emotional maturity of a blueberry scone". Nevertheless, he told him to stop hesitating and do so already, fed up with Wesley and leaving him soon afterwards. Despite this, Wesley had expressed gratitude even though he was still extremely offended by his remark.<ref>"[[The Prom]]"</ref> After Sunnydale High was blown up upon defeating [[The Mayor]], he had decided to check up on a whimpering Wesley, nevertheless seeming greatly amused by his incompetence once again.<ref name="'Graduation Day, Part Two'" /> They never saw each other again after Wesley left [[Sunnydale]] though Giles did mention him much, much later to [[Andrew Wells|Andrew]]. He had apparently had a very negative opinion of him still and found him pathetic, completely unaware of the drastic changes Wesley had undergone during his time in [[Angel Investigations]].<ref name="Damage" />
[[File:Angola Ethnic map 1970.svg|thumb|right|Ethnic groups of Angola 1970]]
 
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*'''[[Spike]] ''' — Spike and Giles have always shared an intense dislike for each other. Because Spike was at first an evil, soulless [[vampire]], Giles, like the rest of the [[Scooby Gang]] viewed him solely as a mortal enemy. When he was implanted with his chip by [[The Initiative (organization)|the Initiative]] and was left completely unable to harm [[humans]], Giles tolerated [[Buffy Summers|Buffy's]] decision to let him live in his state of defenselessness, despite Spike's still-cruel ambitions. He even allowed Spike to live in his apartment for a while, though he did not try to hide his intense annoyance towards Spike during his time there. When Spike and Buffy were influenced to be engaged under magic, Giles was utterly disgusted by it. The idea of having Spike as a son-in-law horrified him, and he began drinking excessive amounts of Scotch (something he only did when in a bad mood).<ref>"[[Something Blue]]"</ref> He was quite happy to see Spike move to [[Alexander Harris|Xander's]] basement when the time came.<ref>"[[Hush]]"</ref> Later, when Giles was transformed into a [[Fyarl Demon]], he was forced to go to Spike to help as he spoke the Fyarl's language. Spike helped Giles, but still made him pay several hundred dollars for his services.<ref>[[A New Man]]'</ref> Afterwards, Giles reluctantly thanked Spike for helping him when he needed it, only for him to be rude and annoyed with his presence. Giles did not forget this, and when Spike subsequently came to him for help, he refused until Spike paid back some of the money. Despite his immense dislike of him, Giles suggested that Spike leave [[Sunnydale]] for his own safety from [[The Initiative]], only for Spike to refuse.<ref name="'The I in Team'" /> Giles had agreed to Spike's terms of never having him slain if he gave them information on The Initiative. However, Spike had manipulated him under the order of [[Adam]] and subtly taunted him over how Buffy rarely ever followed his orders and did not need him in her life anymore. Successfully hitting a weak point, Giles was depressed and began drinking large amounts of scotch.<ref name="'The Yoko Factor'">"[[The Yoko Factor]]"</ref> Ironically, during a dream of Xander's, Giles had a close bond with Spike and decided to train him to be a watcher, claiming that "Spike was like a son to him." In his ''actual'' dream, however, Spike was displayed as  attention-obsessed, willingly selling himself for others to take never-ending pictures of him. When he had snarkily made insinuations of Giles being unnecessary, he was irritated by the insensitivity, remarking that he still believed Buffy should've killed him.<ref name="'Restless'" /> Apparently, however, Giles had watched several episodes of ''[[wikipedia:Passions|Passions]]'' with Spike during his period of unemployment. Looking back on it, Giles was deeply ashamed and horrified at how low he had sunk in his directionless life, preferring to never speak of it.<ref>"[[Real Me]]"</ref> When Spike's infatuation with Buffy was revealed to the Scoobies, Giles reacted most angrily out of all of them because of his fatherly love for Buffy. He shoved Spike in the chest and insisted to him that they (Giles and the Scoobies) weren't his way to Buffy, ordering Spike to move on with his life.<ref name="'I Was Made to Love You'" /> Giles would also be slightly annoyed that Spike pronounced his name wrong in the first [[Buffybot]].<ref name="'Intervention'">"[[Intervention]]"</ref> When Buffy decided to use Spike to help her protect [[Dawn Summers|Dawn]], Giles was against it and wanted him to leave, clearly distrusting. However, his protests were silenced and he reluctantly let it go.<ref name="'Spiral'" /> The following year, Giles seemed to have allowed Spike to help take care of Dawn after Buffy's death. When Dawn was kidnapped by Sweet, Giles insisted that Buffy rescue her alone. Spike vehemently disagreed with him, and yelled at him for putting both Buffy and Dawn in danger, but Giles refused to listen, and stated that he never wanted to hear his input. Later, when Willow botched a spell and caused the Scoobies to lose their memories, Giles and Spike thought they were father and son because of their British accents. Ironically, Giles stated that Spike gave off an air of familiarity and disappointment to him. The two shared an awkward hug, and continued to believe they were related until the spell was broken. Giles returned to England shortly before Buffy began her sexual relationship with Spike, and returned after it had already ended, when there was a more problematic situation at hand. He expressed his worry to Buffy after Spike returned the following year, believing him dangerous despite the fact that he had regained his soul. He thought Spike was a distraction to Buffy, and that her feelings for him were clouding her judgment. After Spike's chip was removed, Giles reacted with anger, and conspired with Robin Wood to kill Spike. When Buffy found out, she quickly went to stop the plan. Giles' decision caused Buffy to distance herself from him for quite some time. Before the battle against Twilight, Giles mentioned Spike, signifying that although he didn't particularly like him, he did acknowledge him as one of Buffy's "truest loves." Spike and Giles fought side-by-side again during the battle with Twilight. Recently, the fact that Spike help Angel and Faith to eliminate Eyghon and allow his resurection had changed his opinion. The two developed a good friendship relation. Giles, like the others Scoobies, accept also the love relation with Buffy.
The languages in Angola are those originally spoken by the different ethnic groups and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], introduced during the Portuguese colonial era. The most widely spoken indigenous languages are [[Umbundu]], [[Kimbundu]] and [[Kikongo]], in that order. Portuguese is the official language of the country.
 
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*'''[[Maggie Walsh]]''' —  Giles had met Professor Walsh when he had decided to talk with her over [[Buffy]]. Their methods when it came to children greatly differed. Giles believed that it would be best to let them forge their own path in life while Walsh saw it as young people needing to be guided and controlled. She claimed Buffy's extreme independence and defiance was a product of an absent father figure. Being long established as a father figure to her, Giles was deeply offended by her remark. Naturally, he developed a dislike of the woman, insulting her as a "fishwife" later. In his [[Fyarl Demon]] form, Giles had paid [[Spike]] another hundred dollars to purposely scare and torment her as revenge. He would later tell Buffy "he hated her quite a bit."<ref name="'A New Man'" />
   
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===Other===
Although the exact numbers of those fluent in Portuguese or who speak Portuguese as a first language are unknown, a 2012 study mentions that Portuguese is the first language of 39% of the population.<ref>Silva, José António Maria da Conceição (2004) [http://poing.me/layar/Colombia/brochuranoCrop.pdf Angola]. 7th World Urban Forum</ref> In 2014, a census carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Estatística in Angola mentions that 71.15% of the nearly 25.8 million inhabitants of Angola (meaning around 18.3 million people) use Portuguese as a first or second language.<ref name="Angola: português é falado por 71,15% de angolanos">{{cite web|title=Angola: português é falado por 71,15% de angolanos |url=http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf |accessdate=10 January 2017 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226100353/http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf |archivedate=26 December 2016 }}</ref>
 
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* '''[[Angel]]''' — Giles was understandably suspicious of Angel when he learned from [[Buffy]] that he was in fact a vampire. He had trouble believing that a [[vampire]] could want to help a [[Slayer]], considering their generally soulless natures. Upon learning about Angel's curse, he regarded him with an even temper, and even commented that his love for Buffy was "rather poetic... in a maudlin sort of way." He treated Angel as a peer, and shared research material and prophecies with him, and allowed him to help the Scoobies.<ref>"[[Prophecy Girl]]"</ref> Halfway through Buffy's Junior year, Angel's curse was broken and Angelus was left to terrorize [[Sunnydale]].<ref name="Innocence" /> During his torment of Buffy and her friends, he murdered [[Janna of the Kalderash|Jenny]], a teacher with whom Giles had fallen in love with. Giles was devastated to the point of irrationality, and set Angelus's warehouse lair on fire and attacked him with a flaming baseball bat before being disarmed by Angelus and rescued by Buffy.<ref name="'Passion'" /> When Angelus needed information, he was quick to capture Giles, at which time he was tortured for hours by both Angelus and [[Drusilla]]. After aligning herself with [[Spike]], Buffy rescued him again, and sent Angel to [[Hell]] to save the world.<ref name="Becoming, Part Two" /> When he returned unexpectedly, Giles was understandably upset and wary. He kept a loaded crossbow on hand when talking to Angel, but still attempted to help him with his hallucinations. Once Giles accepted that Angel was no longer a danger, the two were able to reconcile to a certain extent.<ref name="Amends" /> When Angel visited Sunnydale to help Buffy during Thanksgiving, he seemed to have lost much of his animosity toward him, suggesting that it would be less cruel to Buffy if he allowed her to see him. While Giles did criticize him of his belief that it was his job to protect Buffy, he seemed to understand why as Angel had rightly pointed out both of them knew she was not helpless, but we're still protective of her all the same.<ref>"[[Pangs]]"</ref> When Angel had called Giles for information on [[Faith Lehane|Faith]], Giles had obliged and told him she had she left Sunnydale a week ago. However, Giles had withheld any specifics over what Faith had done to Buffy during her time there, and simply told Angel it was 'rough'.<ref>"[[Five by Five]]"</ref> Giles helped Angel twice during his time working at [[Wolfram & Hart]]; the first time, when the insane Slayer [[Dana]] was on the loose, Giles sent [[Andrew Wells]] to assist him,<ref name="Damage" /> while the second time, when Angel needed magical help to cure [[Winifred Burkle|Fred that]] transformed her into [[Illyria]], Giles insisted to them that Willow was unavailable.<ref>"[[Shells]]"</ref> On both occasions, it was suggested that Giles, like the other [[Scoobies]], no longer trusted Angel due to his affiliation with Wolfram & Hart. During the battle against Twilight, Giles delved into the crater of Sunnydale to search for the [[Seed of Wonder]], where they were met in combat by a Twilight-possessed Angel. While Buffy and Angel fought, Xander expressed to Giles that he shouldn't get between them. Giles responded: "...That's ''exactly'' where she needs me." He then took the scythe, but was stopped from approaching the seed by Twilight, who violently snapped his neck.<ref>"[[Last Gleaming, Part Four]]"</ref> Afterward, Angel expressed an intense desire to bring Giles back to life. Though the use of [[Mohra Demon]] was out the question, it was later revealed that Angel could use a [[Tooth of Ammuk]]  to absorb fragments of Giles's soul into his body from various locations that were meaningful to the Watcher during his lifetime. As a result, Angel began taking on characteristics and mannerisms of Giles.<ref name="ReferenceA" /><ref>"[[Live Through This, Part Four]]"</ref> After a grueling effort of gathering pieces of Giles' soul, Angel and Faith successfully resurrect him... almost. Due to his aunt's envisioning of him as child, Giles had taken the form of his 12-year-old persona with all of his memories and experience of his true age intact. Shocked and extremely stressed with this development, he proceeded to criticize Angel for bringing him back like this. However, as he started to adjust, Giles agreed to help form a plan against [[Whistler]] and his followers. Eventually, he expressed sincere gratitude towards Angel for saving his soul from torment by [[Eyghon]] despite his disconnection from a world he felt no longer needed him. Giles made it clear to him and everyone that if he did die in this battle, he would accept it peacefully.<ref name="ReferenceB" /> Once stopping Whistler and his global plague, Giles and Angel are on friendly terms and have mutual respect for each other. Before leaving, the two had a discussion about "helping the helpless" and Giles promised Angel he would let him know when or if there was ever a right time for him to see Buffy again.<ref name="ReferenceC" />
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* '''[[Riley Finn]] ''' — On [[Buffy]]'s 19th birthday party, Giles was acquainted with her new boyfriend Riley. Giles was slightly surprised and wary of this given his protectiveness over Buffy, but was polite and cordial nonetheless. However, Riley had inadvertently depressed Giles when he asked him if he had a job, reminding him again of his lack of direction and unemployment. Upon realizing that he was a part of [[The Initiative]], Giles was cautious over his relationship with Buffy and warned her to be careful since the military facility was something neither of them truly understood.<ref name="'A New Man'" /> When Riley's allegiances lay with Buffy and he separated himself from The Initiative due to the threat of [[Adam]] and the work they did, Giles' suspicions died down. He remained to have a polite and respectful relationship with each other, but Giles and Riley for the most part never shared an extremely close relationship. Riley had, however, "saved" him from [[Dracula]]'s three brides and proceeded to tease him over how much control they had over him.<ref name="'Buffy vs. Dracula'" /> Following Riley's break-up with Buffy, Giles was sympathetic towards Buffy, but Giles really missed him. Riley and Giles left in good terms.
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* '''[[Andrew Wells]] ''' — Giles and Andrew have the same relationship with Xander and Andrew. Giles at first didn't trust Andrew since working with Warren Mears. But they grew to trust each other. Just like Xander and Riley, Giles is like the father they always wanted and our good friend. He also trained Andrew to be a watcher like him after the war on the first.
   
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==Behind the Scenes==
===Religion===
 
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*He was portrayed by [[Anthony Stewart Head]].
{{Main article|Religion in Angola|Christianity in Angola|Islam in Angola}}
 
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*Anthony Stewart Head was the very first actor to be cast in ''Buffy''.
[[File:Igreja Benguela, Angola.jpg|thumb|right|Catholic church in Benguela]]
 
   
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*Giles was a fan of 60's rock band [[Wikipedia:Cream (band)|Cream]]. He owns their LP ''Disraeli Gears'', and plays it for Joyce (specifically, the song "[[Wikipedia:Tales of Brave Ulysses|Tales of Brave Ulysses]]").<ref name="'Band Candy'" /> He later listens to the song again after Joyce's funeral.<ref>"[[Forever]]"</ref>
There are about 1,000 religious communities, mostly Christian, in Angola.<ref>Viegas, Fátima (2008) ''Panorâmica das Religiões em Angola Independente (1975–2008)'', Ministério da Cultura/Instituto Nacional para os Assuntos Religiosos, Luanda</ref> While reliable statistics are nonexistent, estimates have it that more than half of the population are Catholics, while about a quarter adhere to the Protestant churches introduced during the colonial period: the [[Congregationalist]]s mainly among the [[Ovimbundu]] of the Central Highlands and the coastal region to its west, the [[Methodists]] concentrating on the [[Kimbundu]] speaking strip from Luanda to Malanje, the [[Baptists]] almost exclusively among the [[Bakongo]] of the north-west (now present in Luanda as well) and dispersed [[Adventists]], [[Reformed]] and [[Lutherans]].<ref>Schubert, Benedict (1997) ''Der Krieg und die Kirchen: Angola 1961–1991''. Exodus, Luzern/Switzerland</ref><ref>Lawrence W. Henderson (1989) ''The Church in Angola: A river of many currents'', Cleveland: Pilgrim Press</ref> In Luanda and region there subsists a nucleus of the "[[syncretic]]" [[Tocoists]] and in the north-west a sprinkling of [[Kimbanguism]] can be found, spreading from the Congo/Zaïre. Since independence, hundreds of [[Pentecostal]] and similar communities have sprung up in the cities, where by now about 50% of the population is living; several of these communities/churches are of Brazilian origin.
 
   
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*Giles also appeared to be a fan of The Who and Lynyrd Skynyrd. He performs an acoustic version of The Who's "Behind Blue Eyes" at a coffee shop,<ref name="Where the Wild Things Are" /> and an acoustic version of Skynyrd's "Free Bird" at his house.<ref name="'The Yoko Factor'">"[[The Yoko Factor]]"</ref> He was also a fan of David Bowie,<ref>"[[The Freshman]]"</ref> The Velvet Underground<ref>"[[The Harsh Light of Day]]"</ref> and The Bay City Rollers.<ref name="'The Dark Age'" /> Oz commented on his impressive record collection.
{{As of | 2008}} the U.S. Department of State estimates the Muslim population at 80,000–90,000, less than 1% of the population,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2008/108352.htm |title=Angola |publisher=State.gov |date=19 September 2008 |accessdate=13 July 2014}}</ref> while the [[Islam in Angola|Islamic Community of Angola]] puts the figure closer to 500,000.<ref>[http://www.opais.net/pt/opais/?id=1657&det=23057 Surgimento do Islão em Angola]. ''O Pais''. 2 September 2011. p. 18</ref> Muslims consist largely of migrants from West Africa and the Middle East (especially [[Lebanon]]), although some are local converts.<ref name="customs">Oyebade, Adebayo O. ''Culture And Customs of Angola'', 2006. Pages 45–46.</ref> The Angolan government does not [[Islam in Angola#Legal status|legally recognize]] any Muslim organizations and often shuts down mosques or prevents their construction.<ref name="IRFR2012">{{cite web|title=ANGOLA 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT|url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/208328.pdf|publisher=state.gov}}</ref>
 
   
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*In "[[Band Candy]]" when Giles is magically transformed to his teenage personality, the accent he uses is [[Anthony Stewart Head|Anthony Head]]'s natural accent.
In a study assessing nations' levels of religious regulation and persecution with scores ranging from 0 to 10 where 0 represented low levels of regulation or persecution, Angola was scored 0.8 on Government Regulation of Religion, 4.0 on Social Regulation of Religion, 0 on Government Favoritism of Religion and 0 on Religious Persecution.<ref>[http://www.thearda.com/internationalData/countries/Country_7_3.asp Angola: Religious Freedom Profile at the Association of Religion Data Archives] Brian J Grim and Roger Finke. "International Religion Indexes: Government Regulation, Government Favoritism and Social Regulation of Religion". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion. 2 (2006) Article 1: www.religjournal.com.</ref>
 
   
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*Giles plays a prominent role in the novel quadrilogy "[[The Lost Slayer]]", where Buffy is transferred into her body five years in the future by a powerful demonic spirit. In this future, Giles was turned into a vampire by minions of an ancient bat god, his human intellect and greater patience allowing him to become a vampire King, leading the vampires on a mass spree that results in the deaths of most of Sunnydale—including Anya and Joyce—trapping Angel in a mystical sphere with a stake in his heart—with the result that, while Angel is able to talk and think, the second he is removed from the sphere the stake will kill him—while keeping Buffy imprisoned in order to try and cut off the Slayer line. When Buffy escapes, Giles contemplates turning her, but despite his knowledge of her combat strategies, her greater speed from five years of training, coupled with Angel's sacrifice providing her with an extra weapon, allows Buffy to catch Giles off-guard and stake him. Buffy is later sent back in time and undoes Giles' capture and siring.
Foreign [[Missionary|missionaries]] were very active prior to independence in 1975, although since the beginning of the anti-colonial fight in 1961 the Portuguese colonial authorities expelled a series of Protestant missionaries and closed mission stations based on the belief that the missionaries were inciting pro-independence sentiments. Missionaries have been able to return to the country since the early 1990s, although security conditions due to the civil war have prevented them until 2002 from restoring many of their former inland mission stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2001/5511.htm |title=International Religious Freedom Report – Angola|publisher=U.S. Department of State |date=1 January 2004 |accessdate=27 June 2010}}</ref>
 
   
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*Shortly after Buffy ended its seven year televised run, there was talk of a Giles-based spin-off series for the BBC entitled ''[[Ripper]]''. As of San Diego Comic-Con 2007, Joss Whedon confirmed that ''Ripper'' was still planned and in the pipeline.
The Catholic Church and some major Protestant denominations mostly keep to themselves in contrast to the "New Churches" which actively proselytize. Catholics, as well as some major Protestant denominations, provide help for the poor in the form of crop seeds, farm animals, medical care and education.<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=DeVqVy21g9sC&pg=PA40|title=Culture and customs of Angola |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-313-33147-3 |page=40 |year=2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcusa.org/hunger/downloads/2005intgrants.pdf |title=International Grants 2005 |format=PDF |accessdate=27 June 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113131805/http://www.pcusa.org/hunger/downloads/2005intgrants.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2008 }}</ref>
 
   
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*Originally, Giles was set to appear in "[[A Hole in the World]]" as the one whom Angel and Spike approached in an attempt to save Fred, because Whedon needed a character who would be instantly believed both by the characters and by the audience when he said that there was no way to save Fred. As it was too expensive for Anthony Stewart Head to fly out to Los Angeles to guest-star, Whedon created [[Drogyn the Battlebrand]], who was mystically compelled to tell the truth no matter what.
===Largest cities===
 
{{Largest cities of Angola}}
 
   
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*Writer of Ethan/Giles episode "A New Man" [[Jane Espenson]] opined that Giles and Ethan may have had some sexual history in their younger days.<ref>[http://storyteller.psubrat.net/author/savvy/writercon04/ Ethan and Giles - sexual history?]</ref>
==Culture==
 
{{Main article|Culture of Angola}}
 
{{see also|Music of Angola|Angolan cuisine}}
 
[[File:African Art, Yombe sculpture, Louvre.jpg|thumb|[[Yombe people|Yombe]]-sculpture, 19th century]]
 
   
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*Giles's relationship with Ethan Rayne was similar to Angel's relationship with Spike.
The ''[[Substratum|substrate]]'' of Angolan culture is African, predominantly [[Bantu people|Bantu]], while [[culture of Portugal|Portuguese culture]] has had a significant impact, specifically in terms of language and religion. The diverse ethnic communities – the [[Ovimbundu]], [[Northern Mbundu people|Ambundu]], [[Bakongo]], [[Chokwe people|Chokwe]], [[Mbunda people|Mbunda]] and other peoples – to varying degrees maintain their own cultural traits, traditions and languages, but in the cities, where slightly more than half of the population now lives, a mixed culture has been emerging since colonial times; in [[Luanda]], since its foundation in the 16th century. In this urban culture, the Portuguese heritage has become more and more dominant. African roots are evident in music and dance, and is moulding the way in which Portuguese is spoken. This process is well reflected in contemporary Angolan literature, especially in the works of [[Angolan literature|Angolan authors]].
 
   
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*Along with Buffy, Willow, Xander and Angel, he is one of only five characters to appear in both the premiere and series finale of ''Buffy'': "[[Welcome to the Hellmouth]]" and "[[Chosen]]".
In 2014, Angola resumed the National Festival of Angolan Culture after a 25-year break. The festival took place in all the provincial capitals and lasted for 20 days, with the theme ''Culture as a Factor of Peace and Development''.<ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/lazer-e-cultura/2014/11/51/Retrospect2014-Fenacult-marks-cultural-year,58a0fcae-b594-4edd-bc8b-1d7e2e798f14.html Retrospect2014: Fenacult marks cultural year] Angola Press Agency, 18 December 2014</ref>
 
   
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*Giles was a regular character in the first five seasons of ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer]] ''and then appeared as a recurring character in following seasons, credited as "Special Guest Star". He appeared in 8 episodes of the sixth season and 13 episodes of the seventh. He overall appeared in a total of 121 episodes of the Buffyverse, all of which also featured Buffy, Willow and Xander. The only characters to appear in more episodes are Angel (167), Willow (147), Buffy (146), Cordelia (145), and Xander (144)
==Health==
 
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*Additionally, during his regular seasons, Anthony Stewart Head was lastly credited in the opening as "And Anthony Stewart Head as Giles". For the sixth and seventh season, he was replaced by Alyson Hannigan.
{{Main article|Health in Angola}}
 
[[File:Angolan woman with children outside health clinic (5686703351).jpg|thumb|Angolan woman with children outside a health clinic]]
 
   
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*In a 2011 interview, Whedon stated that his decision to kill off Giles could not be discussed in detail "because ripples from that event" will also be a large part of both ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine]]'' and ''[[Angel and Faith]]''. However, he was able to explain other motivations; he felt that from a writing perspective, Giles did not work in the comic book medium where he had flourished on the television show. His primary roles—provider of narrative exposition and paternal figure—didn't work well in the comic book format. Whedon killed off Giles where he did so that it might have a greater effect on the coming season, "because [he] wanted to make all this matter. Also, because I'm kind of a prick.".<ref name="Whedon EW">http://shelf-life.ew.com/2011/01/19/joss-whedon-buffy-season-8-comic-exclusive/ Joss Whedon talks to ''Entertainment Weekly''</ref>
Epidemics of [[cholera]], [[malaria]], [[rabies]] and African [[hemorrhagic]] fevers like [[Marburg virus|Marburg hemorrhagic fever]], are common diseases in several parts of the country. Many regions in this country have high incidence rates of [[tuberculosis]] and high [[HIV/AIDS in Africa|HIV prevalence]] rates. [[Dengue]], [[filariasis]], [[leishmaniasis]] and [[onchocerciasis]] (river blindness) are other diseases carried by insects that also occur in the region. Angola has one of the highest [[infant mortality rate]]s in the world and one of the world's lowest [[life expectancies]]. A 2007 survey concluded that low and deficient [[niacin]] status was common in Angola.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Seal, AJ |title=Low and deficient niacin status and pellagra are endemic in postwar Angola |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=85 |issue=1 |pages=218–24 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17209199|last2=Creeke |last3=Dibari |last4=Cheung |last5=Kyroussis |last6=Semedo |last7=Van Den Briel |hdl=10144/125625 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> [[Demographic and Health Surveys]] is currently conducting several surveys in Angola on malaria, domestic violence and more.<ref name="Angola Surveys">[http://www.measuredhs.com/countries/metadata.cfm?surv_id=344&ctry_id=76&SrvyTp=ctry&cn=Angola Angola Surveys], measuredhs.com</ref>
 
   
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*Once resurected, Giles' child incarnation (a British young wizard) is strongly resemblant of both [http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Harry_Potter Harry Potter] from the ''Harry Potter'' series of novels and films, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Hunter Tim Hunter] from the ''Books of Magic'' series of comic books.
In September 2014, the Angolan Institute for Cancer Control (IACC) was created by presidential decree, and it will integrate the National Health Service in Angola.<ref>[http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/273191/novo-instituto-oncologico-de-angola-quer-ser-referencia-em-africa Novo instituto oncológico de Angola quer ser referência em África], Notícias ao Minuto (Source: Lusa Agency), 9 September 2014</ref> The purpose of this new centre is to ensure health and medical care in [[oncology]], policy implementation, programmes and plans for prevention and specialised treatment.<ref>[http://diariodigital.sapo.pt/news.asp?id_news=728577 Novo instituto oncológico de Angola quer ser referência em África], Diário Digital (Source: Lusa Agency), 9 September 2014</ref> This cancer institute will be assumed as a reference institution in the central and southern regions of Africa.<ref>[http://www.verangola.net/Artigos/Novo-instituto-oncologico-angolano-quer-ser-instituicao-de-referencia-no-continente=004333 Novo instituto oncológico angolano quer ser instituição de referência no continente], Ver Angola, 11 September 2014</ref>
 
   
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==Appearances==
In 2014, Angola launched a national campaign of [[vaccination]] against [[measles]], extended to every child under ten years old and aiming to go to all 18 provinces in the country.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201410010149.html Angola: Over 30,000 Children Vaccinated Against Measles in Huila], All Africa, 30 September 2014</ref> The measure is part of the Strategic Plan for the Elimination of Measles 2014–2020 created by the Angolan Ministry of Health which includes strengthening routine immunisation, a proper dealing with measles cases, national campaigns, introducing a second dose of vaccination in the national routine vaccination calendar and active epidemiological surveillance for measles. This campaign took place together with the vaccination against [[polio]] and [[vitamin A]] supplementation.<ref>[http://www.noticiasaominuto.com/mundo/277391/angola-lanca-vacinacao-nacional-contra-sarampo Angola lança vacinação nacional contra sarampo], Notícias ao Minuto (Source: Lusa Agency), 18 September 2014</ref>
 
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Giles was a series regular on Buffy for the first five seasons (1997-2001). He disappeared from the opening credits but made guest appearances in Seasons Six and Seven. He appeared in 121 episodes in all.
   
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{{AppearancesBuffySeason1
A [[2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak|yellow fever]] outbreak, the worst in the country in three decades<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/19/health/yellow-fever-who/index.html#|title=WHO: Yellow fever outbreak is 'serious and of great concern'|publisher=}}</ref> began in December 2015. By August 2016, when the outbreak began to subside, nearly 4,000 people were suspected of being infected. As many as 369 may have died. The outbreak began in the capital, Luanda, and spread to at least 16 of the 18 provinces.
 
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=== ''Spike''===
  +
*''[[Bedknobs and Boomsticks]]'' {{Om}}
   
  +
=== [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight|''Buffy'' Season 8]] ===
==Education==
 
  +
* ''[[The Long Way Home]]''
{{Main article|Education in Angola}}
 
  +
* ''[[The Chain]]''
[[File:Lyceum Salvador Correia in Luanda, Angola.jpg|thumb|left|Lyceum Salvador Correia in Luanda]]
 
  +
* ''[[No Future For You]]''
[[File:Kuito class.jpg|thumb|left|Kuito class, Angola]]
 
  +
* ''[[Safe]]''
  +
* ''[[Retreat]]''
  +
* ''[[Turbulence]]''
  +
* ''[[Twilight (story arc)|Twilight]]''
  +
* ''[[Last Gleaming]]''
   
  +
=== [[Angel & Faith]] ===
Although by law education in Angola is compulsory and free for eight years, the government reports that a percentage of pupils are not attending due to a lack of school buildings and teachers.<ref name="ilab">"Botswana". [https://web.archive.org/web/20140109071239/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2005/tda2005.pdf ''2005 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor'']. [[Bureau of International Labor Affairs]], [[U.S. Department of Labor]] (2006). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref> Pupils are often responsible for paying additional school-related expenses, including fees for books and supplies.<ref name="ilab" />
 
  +
* ''[[Live Through This, Part One]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks)</small>
  +
* ''[[Live Through This, Part Two]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks)</small>
  +
* ''[[Live Through This, Part Three]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Live Through This, Part Four]]'' <small>(only in portrait)</small>
  +
* ''[[Daddy Issues, Part One]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks)</small>
  +
* ''[[Daddy Issues, Part Two]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Women of a Certain Age]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks)</small>
  +
* ''[[Family Reunion, Part One]]" {{Om}}''
  +
* ''[[Family Reunion, Part Three]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Family Reunion, Part Four]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Death and Consequences, Part One]]'' <small>(body possessed by [[Eyghon]])</small>
  +
* ''[[Death and Consequences, Part Two]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks; body possessed in present)</small>
  +
* ''[[Death and Consequences, Part Three]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks; body possessed in present)</small>
  +
* ''[[Death and Consequences, Part Four]]'' <small>(in Angel's possession; in flashbacks)</small>
  +
* ''[[Spike and Faith]] ''<small>(in Angel's possession)</small>
  +
* ''[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part One]]'' <small>(resurrection)</small>
  +
* ''[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Two]]''
  +
* ''[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Three]]''
  +
* ''[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Four]]''
  +
* ''[[What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Five]]''
  +
* ''[[Where The River Meets The Sea, Part One]]''
  +
* ''[[Where The River Meets The Sea, Part Two]]''
  +
* ''[[Lost and Found, Part One]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[United, Part Three]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Those Who Can't Teach, Teach Gym, Part One]]'' (only in a photography)
  +
* ''[[Those Who Can't Teach, Teach Gym, Part Two]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[A Tale of Two Families, Part One]]'' {{Om}}
   
  +
=== [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine]] ===
In 1999, the gross primary enrollment rate was 74 percent and in 1998, the most recent year for which data are available, the net primary enrollment rate was 61 percent.<ref name="ilab" /> Gross and net enrollment ratios are based on the number of pupils formally registered in primary school and therefore do not necessarily reflect actual school attendance.<ref name="ilab" /> There continue to be significant disparities in enrollment between rural and urban areas. In 1995, 71.2 percent of children ages 7 to 14 years were attending school.<ref name="ilab" /> It is reported that higher percentages of boys attend school than girls.<ref name="ilab" /> During the [[Angolan Civil War]] (1975–2002), nearly half of all schools were reportedly looted and destroyed, leading to current problems with overcrowding.<ref name="ilab" />
 
  +
* ''[[Freefall, Part Three]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Slayer, Interrupted (Buffy Season 9)|Slayer, Interrupted]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Guarded, Part Three]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Welcome to the Team, Part Two]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[Welcome to the Team, Part Four]]'' {{Om}}
  +
* ''[[The Watcher]]'' <small>(only in flashbacks)</small>
   
  +
=== [[Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten]] ===
The Ministry of Education recruited 20,000 new teachers in 2005 and continued to implement teacher trainings.<ref name="ilab" /> Teachers tend to be underpaid, inadequately trained and overworked (sometimes teaching two or three shifts a day).<ref name="ilab" /> Some teachers may reportedly demand payment or bribes directly from their pupils.<ref name="ilab" /> Other factors, such as the presence of landmines, lack of resources and identity papers, and poor health prevent children from regularly attending school.<ref name="ilab" /> Although budgetary allocations for education were increased in 2004, the education system in Angola continues to be extremely under-funded.<ref name="ilab" />
 
  +
*''[[New Rules, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[New Rules, Part Two]]''
  +
*''[[New Rules, Part Three]]''
  +
*''[[New Rules, Part Four]]''
  +
*''[[New Rules, Part Five]]''
  +
*''[[I Wish, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[I Wish, Part Two]]''
  +
*''[[Return to Sunnydale, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[Return to Sunnydale, Part Two]]''
  +
*''[[Day Off (or Harmony In My Head)]]''
  +
*''[[Love Dares You, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[Love Dares You, Part Two]]''
  +
*''[[Love Dares You, Part Three]]''
  +
*''[[Relationship Status: Complicated, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[Relationship Status: Complicated, Part Two]]''
  +
*''[[Old Demons, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[Old Demons, Part Two]]''
  +
*''[[Old Demons, Part Three]]''
  +
*''[[Freaky Giles Day]]''
  +
*''[[Triggers]]''
  +
*''[[In Pieces on the Ground, Part One]]''
  +
*''[[In Pieces on the Ground, Part Two]]'' {{Om}}
  +
*''[[In Pieces on the Ground, Part Three]]''
  +
*''[[In Pieces on the Ground, Part Four]]''
   
  +
=== [[Willow: Wonderland]] ===
According to estimates by the [[UNESCO Institute for Statistics]], the adult literacy rate in 2011 was 70.4%.<ref name="unescolit">{{cite web|title=National adult literacy rates (15+), youth literacy rates (15–24) and elderly literacy rates (65+)|url=http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=210|publisher=UNESCO Institute for Statistics}}</ref> By 2015, this had increased to 71.1%.<ref>http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDULIT_DS&popupcustomise=true&lang=en#</ref> 82.9% of males and 54.2% of women are literate as of 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/angola_statistics.html |title=Angola – Statistics |publisher=UNICEF |accessdate=27 June 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100613004722/http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/angola_statistics.html| archivedate= 13 June 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> Since independence from Portugal in 1975, a number of Angolan students continued to be admitted every year at high schools, [[politechnic|polytechnical]] institutes and universities in [[Portugal]], Brazil and [[Cuba]] through bilateral agreements; in general, these students belong to the elites.
 
  +
* ''[[Wonderland, Part Four]]'' <small>(only in visions)</small>
   
In September 2014, the Angolan Ministry of Education announced an investment of 16 million Euros in the computerisation of over 300 classrooms across the country. The project also includes training teachers at a national level, "as a way to introduce and use new information technologies in primary schools, thus reflecting an improvement in the quality of teaching."<ref>[http://www.ionline.pt/artigos/mundo/angola-investe-16-milhoes-na-informatizacao-300-salas-aula-todo-pais Angola investe 16 milhões na informatização de 300 salas de aula em todo o país], jornal i (28 September 2014)</ref>
 
   
  +
===Other Appearances===
In 2010, the Angolan government started building the Angolan Media Libraries Network, distributed throughout several provinces in the country to facilitate the people's access to information and knowledge. Each site has a bibliographic archive, multimedia resources and computers with Internet access, as well as areas for reading, researching and socialising.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161212180948/http://mediatecas.ao/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Plano_Director_Maio_2013.pdf Sumário Executivo do Plano Director da ReMA]. Rede de Mediatecas de Angola (May 2013)</ref> The plan envisages the establishment of one media library in each Angolan province by 2017. The project also includes the implementation of several media libraries, in order to provide the several contents available in the fixed media libraries to the most isolated populations in the country.<ref>[http://www.portalangop.co.ao/angola/en_us/noticias/educacao/2015/0/2/Government-open-digital-libraries-every-province,744c2f6f-7d66-49cf-8e56-85c0d6969725.html Government to open digital libraries in every province] Angola Press Agency, 8 January 2015</ref> At this time, the mobile media libraries are already operating in the provinces of Luanda, Malanje, Uíge, Cabinda and Lunda South. As for REMA, the provinces of Luanda, Benguela, Lubango and Soyo have currently working media libraries.<ref>[http://jornaldeangola.sapo.ao/regioes/malanje/mediateca_movel_aberta_ao_publico Mediateca móvel aberta ao público] {{webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20150209181727/http%3A//m.ja.sapo.ao/regioes/malanje/mediateca_movel_aberta_ao_publico |date=9 February 2015 }} Jornal de Angola, 9 January 2015</ref>
 
  +
Giles also appears in the ''Buffy'' expanded Universe. He appears in many Buffy comics/novels. Giles appears notably in ''[[Ring of Fire]]'' and ''[[Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Giles]]''.
   
==Sports==
+
==Gallery==
  +
{{User Gallery Box}}
[[File:Estadio-11Nov-Luanda 03 linke-Seite-Bogen LWS-2011-08-NC 0991.jpg|thumb|Interior of 11 November stadium in Luanda, Angola, with Tribunes and running track]]
 
Angola hosted the [[2010 Africa Cup of Nations]].
 
Angola is the top [[Angola national basketball team|basketball team]] of [[FIBA Africa]], and a regular competitor at the [[Basketball at the Summer Olympics|Summer Olympic Games]] and the [[FIBA World Cup]]. The [[Angola national football team]] qualified for the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], as this was their first appearance on the World Cup finals stage. They were eliminated after one defeat and two draws in the group stage. They won 3 [[COSAFA Cup]]s and finished runner up in [[2011 African Nations Championship]]. Angola has participated in the [[World Women's Handball Championship]] for several years. The country has also appeared in the [[Angola at the Olympics|Summer Olympics]] for seven years and both regularly competes in and once has hosted the [[FIRS Roller Hockey World Cup]], where the best finish is sixth. Angola is also often believed to have historic roots in the [[martial art]] "[[Capoeira Angola]]" and "[[Batuque (game)|Batuque]]" which were practiced by [[Slavery in Angola|enslaved African Angolans]] transported as part of the [[Atlantic slave trade]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Poncianinho, Mestre |author2=Almeida, Ponciano |title=Capoeira: The Essential Guide to Mastering the Art|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fKKGUCJ5PAwC&pg=PA18|year=2007|publisher=New Holland Publishers|isbn=978-1-84537-761-8|pages=18–}}</ref>
 
   
==See also==
+
== See also ==
  +
*[[Rupert Giles (Wishverse)]]
{{portal|Angola|Africa|Geography}}
 
*[[Outline of Angola]]
 
*[[Index of Angola-related articles]]
 
   
  +
{{references|scroll=1}}
{{clear}}
 
 
==Notes==
 
{{Reflist|30em}}
 
 
==References==
 
* {{cite EB9 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Angola |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1878}} |page=45 }}
 
* {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |wstitle=Angola |volume=2 |ref={{harvid|EB|1911}} |pages=38–40 }}
 
*Much of the material in this article comes from the [[CIA World Factbook]] 2000 and the 2003 U.S. Department of State website. The information given there is, however, corrected and updated on the basis of the other sources indicated.
 
 
==External links==
 
{{Sister project links|voy=Angola|Angola}}
 
{{Wikibooks|Wikijunior:Countries A-Z|Angola}}
 
{{Wikivoyage}}
 
 
* {{official website|http://www.angola.gov.ao}} {{pt icon}}
 
*{{CIA World Factbook link|ao|Angola}}
 
*{{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Angola}}
 
*[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/angola.htm Angola] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''.
 
*[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13036732 Angola profile] from the [[BBC News]].
 
*{{Wikiatlas|Angola}}
 
*[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=AO Key Development Forecasts for Angola] from [[International Futures]].
 
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120401150404/http://www.bti-project.org/country-reports/esa/ago/ Bertelsmann Transformation Index 2012 – Angola Country Report]
 
*Markus Weimer, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120801221204/http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Africa/0312pp_weimer.pdf The Peace Dividend: Analysis of a Decade of Angolan Indicators, 2002–2012]".
 
* [https://www.academia.edu/12759680/The_participation_of_Hungarian_soldiers_in_UN_peacekeeping_operations_in_Angola The participation of Hungarian soldiers in UN peacekeeping operations in Angola]
 
 
{{Angola topics}}
 
{{Countries of Africa}}
 
{{Navboxes
 
|title = International membership and history
 
|list =
 
{{Southern African Development Community}}
 
{{African Union}}
 
{{Community of Portuguese Language Countries |collapsed}}
 
{{Portuguese overseas empire}}
 
}}
 
{{Authority control}}
 
   
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Giles, Rupert}}
[[Category:Angola| ]]
 
[[Category:1975 establishments in Angola]]
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[[Category:Rupert Giles|Rupert Giles]]
[[Category:Bantu countries and territories]]
+
[[Category:Watchers]]
[[Category:Central African countries]]
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[[Category:Buffy Summers]]
[[Category:Countries in Africa]]
+
[[Category:Scooby Gang]]
[[Category:Former Portuguese colonies]]
+
[[Category:Magic practitioners]]
[[Category:Least developed countries]]
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[[Category:Musicians]]
[[Category:Member states of OPEC]]
+
[[Category:Males]]
[[Category:Member states of the African Union]]
+
[[Category:Humans]]
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[[Category:Possession victims]]
[[Category:Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries]]
 
[[Category:Member states of the United Nations]]
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[[Category:Sunnydale residents]]
[[Category:Portuguese-speaking countries and territories]]
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[[Category:Sunnydale High faculty and staff]]
[[Category:Republics]]
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[[Category:London residents]]
[[Category:Southern African countries]]
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[[Category:Slayer Organization]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1975]]
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[[Category:Shopkeepers]]
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[[Category:English individuals]]
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[[Category:Criminals]]
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[[Category:Telekinetics]]
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[[Category:Resurrected individuals]]
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[[Category:Demon worshippers]]
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[[Category:Angel & Faith allies]]
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[[Category:San Francisco residents]]
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[[Category:The Bronze patrons]]

Revision as of 05:37, 4 December 2017

Template:SPOILERS

Note: This article is about the Watcher. For the his family, see Giles family. For other uses, see Giles.

You have a father's love for the child. That is useless to the cause.
Quentin Travers to Giles.[src]

Rupert Edmund Giles was the Watcher and father figure of Slayer Buffy Summers, the former librarian of Sunnydale High School, and the occult expert of the Scooby Gang. Born into a family who worked for the Watchers Council for three generations, Giles initially rebelled against his family legacy and became a rogue magician, until the death of a close friend led him to return to the Council's fold. Nevertheless, he would retain his rebellious streak, and a fierce, ruthless devotion to his loved ones. As the Watcher of Buffy Summers, Giles developed a father-like bond with his charge, not only training her but also fighting by her side and openly defying the Council in order to save Buffy's life, which ultimately led to his dismissal from the Council.

Fired from the Council, Giles remained as a member of the Scooby Gang for two more years, trying to find his way even after being reinstated in his position as Watcher. He left Sunnydale in 2001 when he came to the realization that he had to leave Buffy so she would embrace the responsibilities of adulthood. He returned to Sunnydale the next year to stop Willow Rosenberg from destroying the world and nearly lost his life in the process. After she was stopped, Giles took her to England to aid her in her rehabilitation and coming to terms with her power.

When the First Evil began its campaign and had the Watchers Council destroyed, Giles gathered a group of Potential Slayers and returned to Sunnydale to prepare for the coming battle. However, he came into conflict with Buffy regarding the vampire Spike, whom Giles considered a potential threat. When Buffy's leadership was questioned by her friends and allies, Giles sided against Buffy but reconciled with her when Buffy devised a plan that would allow the Scoobies to defeat the First.

When the power of the Slayer was activated in all potential Slayers throughout the world, Giles helped Buffy create the Slayer Organization, though in secret he sent Slayer Faith Lehane to eliminate a rogue Slayer. After Buffy discovered Giles had gone behind her back, they were not on speaking terms for a while, and Giles joined Faith as the two sought troubled new Slayers to help them come to terms with their powers and prevent them from falling into the path Faith had fallen to in the past. A short time later however, as the Twilight crisis came to the near destruction of the world, Giles was murdered by Angel, who was possessed by the sentience of a newly created universe.

Angel and Faith worked tirelessly the next year to resurrect and bring back Giles despite it being a near-impossible task in a world without magic. Angel figured out a way through the Tooth of Ammuk, a magical artifact that would gather pieces of his soul through magical artifacts. Giles' soul was snatched away for eternal torment by Eyghon the Sleepwalker and briefly inhabited in Angel's own body. After finding a proper incantation, Giles' was successfully brought back to life. However, the spell had backfired through the Fairweather sisters involvement in the ritual and Giles was forced to deal with the stressful return to his twelve-year old body, but with his memories, intellect, and experience still intact. Feeling purposeless and disconnected, Giles nevertheless chose to aide Angel and Faith from stopping Whistler's release of deadly magical all over the world. After the battle was won, Giles briefly helped them with the changed people of London but nonetheless chose to part from Angel with Faith, seeing that the place he was at his best was with Buffy.

Biography

Early life

Giles at sixteen? Less 'Together Guy', more 'Bad-Magic-Hates-the-World-Ticking-Time-Bomb Guy.'
Buffy, summarizing Giles' rebellious youth[src]

Rupert was born in 1954 into an upper-class family in London, England. His family had worked within the Watchers Council for at least three generations; both his father and grandmother, Edna Giles, were also Watchers, though his great-aunts, Lavinia and Sophie Fairweather, instead used their magical prowess to remain forever young and pursue carefree lives as hedonists.

GilesChild

As a child.

Although as a child Giles dreamed of being either "a fighter pilot or perhaps a green-grocer," being a Watcher was a calling, much as being a Slayer was, and Rupert's father explained his destiny to him when he was ten years old.[6] However, any chance of Rupert having a normal life ended when, as a child, he used the Shard of Stronnos to turn a light demon that was attacking his aunts into a solid form that they could kill, his use of such powerful magic at such a young age confirming his potential, prompting his father to send him immediately to the Watchers Academy where his aunts would have preferred him to have more time as a child before taking on such a responsibility.[7]

Screen Shot 2013-04-08 at 1.08

Giles witnesses the slaughter of his classmates.

In 1972, as part of his Watcher training, Rupert, along with four other Watchers-in-training, was dispatched to the Highgate Cemetery to deal with the mysterious "Highgate Vampire." As it turned out, the Council had sent them out to deal with the threat on faulty intelligence, and the "vampire" turned out to be a Lorophage Demon, a powerful and deadly insectoid demon that fed on the traumatic memories and experiences of humans, driving them insane and killing them in the process. The Lorophage killed the other four Watchers-in-training and began to feed on Rupert, but two elder Watchers, one of them Rupert's own father, arrived and fought the Lorophage off before it could complete the process. Giles lost his innocence that day and his already-tense relationship with his father only worsened. Because of the incident with the Lorophage, Giles chose to turn his back on his destiny and follow his own path.[8]

Ripper

A photograph of Giles in his 20s

In 1975, Rupert was a rebellious youth, rejecting his responsibility as a Watcher and dropping out of his attempt at a history degree at Oxford University when he was twenty-one. He delved into dark magics and befriended a group of young people who delved into the dark arts for fun or money: Ethan Rayne, Philip Henry, Dierdre Page, Thomas Sutcliffe, and Randall. Rupert gained the nickname "Ripper" during this time. Together, they summoned a particularly grotesque demon called Eyghon and continued to explore dark magics. 

During this time, Ripper employed tales of demons and dark magics and also claimed to be a founding member of Pink Floyd in order to impress girls, although he later admitted this was untrue. He delved into minor criminal activity, primarily stealing cars, but most likely for joyriding.[9] Following the death of Randall, Ethan and the others failed to exorcise Eyghon, Rupert halted his dark magic dabbling and started his own Punk band named Wretched. He ran into Edna after many years who expressed to him her worry for Giles and encouraged him to become a watcher. Giles rejected it at first, showing her his Mark of Eyghon and how unworthy he felt over mentoring a slayer.[10] Edna was angry and remarked his mistakes in his youth made him perfect to be a watcher so he could have insight over them not making the same decisions. He showed his guilt over the deaths of his friends because of his recklessness, causing his grandmother to say he could accept his destiny to redeem himself.[11] Rupert accepted his destiny of becoming a Watcher in 1980.[12] His mentor in the Watchers Council was Archie Lassiter.[13]

You were a young fool who felt immortal, did remarkably ill-advised things, and it cost people their lives, eh? You bloody idiot. The doesn't disqualify you from being a watcher. It makes you perfectly suited to mentor a slayer. They're young girls granted tremendous power. Who can relate to them better? A man like your father, who's done the right and proper thing his entire life? Or you?
―Edna to Giles[src]

At some point Giles acquired homes around the south of England, including properties in Bath, Devon and Westbury, in addition to his family home in London.

Watcher to Buffy Summers

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Giles meets his Slayer, Buffy Summers, for the first time

At the behest of the Watchers Council, Giles traveled to Sunnydale, California, and took up the post of librarian at the local high school. There, he met the Slayer, Buffy Summers, whom he began to train. The library, a sort of command center for Buffy and her friends who became known as the Scooby Gang, sat right above the Hellmouth. He was a father figure to Buffy and an adviser to her friends Xander Harris and Willow Rosenberg, together forming the "core four" of the Scooby Gang. He also shared an attraction with computer science teacher, Jenny Calendar, and developed a friendship with Angel, a vampire with a soul sent to aid Buffy, who shared a mutual attraction with him. While researching the Master, Giles and Angel discovered a prophecy in the Pergamum Codex that stated that Buffy would face the Master and be killed by him. When Buffy learned of this, she decided to quit being the Slayer altogether; thus, Giles, realizing that he has spent too much time in his books, decided to fight the Master in her place. However, Buffy ultimately accepted her fate, and knocked Giles out with a single punch when he attempted to intervene. Subsequently, a demon known as the Hellmouth Spawn emerged from the floor and attacked Giles, Willow, Cordelia Chase, and Jenny, but they were saved when Buffy killed the Master.

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Giles and Jenny fall in love

When Buffy returned from Summer vacation, Giles' constant pressuring of her to hold to her Slayer duties led to her directly disobeying him and attending a party at the Delta Zeta Kappa fraternity, where she and Cordelia were nearly sacrificed to the demon Machida. After being scolded by Willow, Giles assisted in saving Buffy and decided to stop pushing Buffy so hard.[14] When Ethan Rayne came to Sunnydale to flee the demon Ehygon, Giles shamefully admitted to Buffy that he was responsible for summoning the demon in his youth and was horrified when Jenny became possessed by Ehygon. Although Ehygon was defeated, Jenny took time to cope with her ordeal, retaining distance from Giles in the process. Eventually, Jenny revealed she was actually a member of the Kalderash gypsy clan, sent to keep an eye on Buffy's relationship with the vampire, Angel, whom they cursed with a soul. Giles felt betrayal when he learned that Jenny knew that if Buffy gave Angel a moment of pure happiness, he would lose his soul. When Angel lost his soul and murdered Jenny, leaving her corpse for Giles to find in his apartment,[15] Giles sought revenge by burning down Angel's home, and suicidally taking the vampire on, only being saved when Buffy arrived, punching Giles out for doing so, telling him that he could not leave her alone. Later, Angel kidnapped and tortured Giles in order to get information on how to awaken the demon Acathla. As Giles refused to reveal anything, the vampire Drusilla hypnotized him into seeing her as Jenny, convincing him to tell what he knew. Buffy was forced to kill Angel, and subsequently left Sunnydale an emotional wreck.

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Because of bewitched chocolates, Giles was reverted to his teenage persona, and romanced Joyce Summers

Giles spent the summer desperately following up any clues of Buffy's whereabouts and was overjoyed when she finally returned months later. Giles briefly served as Watcher for new Slayer, Faith Lehane. The Scoobies were given another disturbing glimpse in Giles' past when, along with every other adult in Sunnydale, he was reverted to his teenage self by enchanted candy supplied by Ethan Rayne. During this time, he indulged in theft and vandalism and had a romantic and sexual fling with Buffy's mother, Joyce Summers. Despite that, he aided Buffy in rescuing babies from the demon Lurconis, remembering a snippet of information his older self knew about the demon. When Buffy kept Angel's return from hell a secret from the other Scoobies, Giles felt betrayed by her affection for the man who tortured him and murdered Jenny, but later agreed to help Angel.[16]

As Buffy's Cruciamentum, a brutal tradition of the Watchers Council in which a de-powered Slayer was forced to battle a vampire, approached, Giles struggled to cope with the guilt of betraying Buffy's trust. Despite describing the test as "an archaic exercise in cruelty," he secretly injected Buffy with numerous adrenal suppressors and muscle relaxants, which weakened her significantly, before eventually coming clean when the vampire she was meant to fight, Zachary Kralik, escaped. Buffy was disgusted and heartbroken, but was later moved when Giles interfered in her Cruciamentum to save her life, staking her foe's minion, Blair, after Buffy managed to best Kralik through a trick involving Holy Water. Because of this, and having a father's love for Buffy which Head Watcher Quentin Travers described as "useless to the cause," Giles was fired and replaced with Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, but continued to act as Buffy's adviser, especially since Wesley turned out to be extremely cowardly and incompetent. When Buffy briefly found herself endowed with telepathic powers, she discovered that her mother believed Giles to be "like a stevedore in bed." In a battle with the demonic Mayor of Sunnydale, Giles pressed the trigger which destroyed him and Sunnydale High, putting himself out of a job.

Unemployment

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Giles in demon form.

As Giles learned to cope with being unemployed and the growing belief that Buffy no longer needed him, he resumed a sexual relationship with his old friend, Olivia Williams, who Anya Jenkins tactlessly labeled his "orgasm friend." [17] Lacking a sense of purpose, he spent most of his time lounging around his apartment, watching Passions with the vampire Spike who had become a hostage.

He began to suffer from depression, especially when the Scoobies failed to keep him in the loop regarding Buffy's new boyfriend Riley Finn and his affiliation to The Initiative. When Ethan Rayne cast a spell on Giles which turned him into a Fyarl demon,[18] he enlisted Spike's help to escape the Initiative and Buffy, who believed him to be the demon who murdered Giles. However, Buffy later realized from his eyes and "annoyed" expression that he was in fact Giles and Ethan was taken into custody by the Initiative. In order to defeat the cyber-demonoid, Adam, the four Scoobies cast a spell to combine their strength. Giles provided the "mind," granting Buffy access to his superior knowledge, enabling Buffy to defeat Adam.

Giles, no longer seeing his place in Sunnydale, decided to return to England, telling no one except Willow, whom he needed to organize the research documents for the Scoobies. However, after an encounter with the legendary Count Dracula, Buffy confessed to Giles that she still needed him, both emotionally and in order to find out more about what being the Slayer means and asked him to be her Watcher again. Clearly pleased by this turn of events, Giles decided that he still had a place in Sunnydale after all.[19]

Owner of the Magic Box

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Giles as he watches Buffy's dead body.

When the owner of the Magic Box was killed by vampires, Giles was convinced by the shop's high profit margins to buy it, hiring Anya as his overtly enthusiastic assistant. Buffy discovered that her sister, Dawn Summers, was actually the Key: a mystical energy in human form in need of protection from the hell-goddess Glory. Buffy initially confided only in Giles about Dawn's true nature and he decided to contact the Watchers Council for more information about Glory. Quentin Travers blackmailed Buffy into obeying the Council's demands, threatening to have Giles deported if she did not comply. Buffy stood up to the Council, informing them that they would release all information concerning Glory to them and would re-instate Giles as her official Watcher, to be paid retroactively from the month he was fired. Travers reluctantly agreed, and revealed Glory's true nature as a hell-god before leaving. As the Scoobies labored to find a way to defeat Glory, Giles brought up the difficult idea of killing Dawn to end her plans which involved using Dawn's blood to break down the barriers to other dimensions, causing Armageddon. Giles admitted that he loved Dawn, but that sacrifices had to be made. Buffy refused to listen, and vowed to protect Dawn at all costs, much to Giles' consternation. Glory shared her body with an innocent human male called Ben Wilkinson and could be killed if Ben died. In the final battle against Glory, Buffy decided to spare Ben's life, but Giles was less merciful. Explaining that Buffy was a hero and therefore different from them, he suffocated Ben with his bare hands.[20] Buffy later sacrificed her own life to save Dawn's, saving the world in the process.

Return to England

Several months after Buffy's second death, Giles decides to return to England. On the very day he leaves, Willow, Xander, Anya and Tara resurrect Buffy, and he comes back as soon as he hears of this. Despite being overjoyed to have Buffy back, Giles was furious at Willow for invoking such dark magic, and angrily dismisses her as "a rank, arrogant amateur;" while the other Scoobies believe that Buffy may have been in hell, Giles is unconvinced, which later proves to be correct when a demon's musical spell forces her to reveal that she was indeed in Heaven. Buffy begins to over-rely on Giles for financial and emotional support; at one point, when Dawn sneaks out to hang out with a teenager who was in fact a vampire, Buffy refuses to scold her herself and leaves the job to Giles.[21] This eventually causes Giles to decide that his presence is preventing her assuming responsibility for her own life. He leaves again for his native England, moving to a place near Bath, where he worked with a powerful local coven.

Willowdraingiles

Willow draining the magics from Giles

A few months later, Tara was killed by a stray bullet as Warren Mears attacked Buffy. Willow, still recovering from an addiction to dark magic, vengefully gave into the magics, killed Warren, and attempted to kill his former partners in crime, threatening the lives of her friends as well.. Hearing about a dark power rising in Sunnydale, Giles teleported back, wielding great magical power borrowed from the Devon Coven. As "Dark Willow" boasted of her indestructibility, Giles knocked her to the floor with a blast of magic energy, stating "I'd like to test that theory."[22] Upon discovering all that had gone wrong in his absence, Giles apologized to Buffy, insisting that he never should have abandoned them, but Buffy reassured him that he did the right thing. Knowing that Willow was too strong, he tricked her into draining him of his magics, which brought him near death. Willow stealing his borrowed power allowed her to feel all of the pain of humanity, convincing her to end the world. However, Xander was able to reach the last spark of humanity in Willow that was brought out thanks to stealing Giles' power, by telling her that he loved her no matter what, causing Willow to break down and give up her attempt at causing the apocalypse.

Gilesdraw

Giles draws pictures to show the Potentials what they're up against

Giles returned to England with Willow to rehabilitate her. A few months later, he began bringing Potential Slayers to Sunnydale to protect them from The First Evil and its Bringers who were attempting to wipe out the Slayer line. Giles became one of the only Watchers left when The First's lieutenant, Caleb, blew up the Council's headquarters, though Giles was able to extract a few integral volumes of text and certain files beforehand. An injured Watcher named Robson witnessed Giles about to be decapitated by a Bringer, before blacking out. When the Scoobies hear about this, they worried that Giles may have been killed, and that the First was merely impersonating him. They are relieved, however, when they manage to tackle him to the ground, proving he is corporeal and therefore not the First; it turns out that Giles heard the Bringer approaching and decapitated it before it could kill him. Giles later loses Buffy's trust somewhat when he takes part in a scheme with Robin Wood to kill Spike, who had recently regained his soul, though Giles believed the vampire was too dangerous to be kept alive.[23] After the ordeal, Buffy told him, "I've think you've taught me everything I need to know." Ironically, Giles proved to be correct in his beliefs that Buffy kept Spike around for personal reasons rather than tactical ones though it was Spike that ended up saving the world in the end. Giles participated in the final battle at the Hellmouth, and survived.

Post-Sunnydale

Following Sunnydale's destruction, the Scooby Gang had expanded into a global organization, training approximately five hundred Slayers spread over ten squads. Giles was one of the heads of the Slayer Organization and watched a squad of slayers in England and St. Petersburg, Russia, parallel with Andrew's operations in Italy and Buffy and Xander's in Scotland. As a side note, he took Andrew Wells under his wing, training him to be a Watcher; Andrew claimed to be "faster, stronger and 82% more manly" as a result of Giles' mentoring, and was sent by him to retrieve the psychotic Slayer Dana from Los Angeles and to make sure that Angel and his teammates didn't keep her as they had recently taken over the evil law firm Wolfram & Hart and the Scoobies no longer trusted them.[24] Later, after Fred Burkle was killed by the Old One, Illyria, Angel phoned Giles, desperate to get in contact with Willow, who could not be reached as she was in the Himalayas on an astral plane. After confirming that Angel still worked for Wolfram & Hart, Giles coldly refused to help him, much to Angel's frustration.[25]

Prophecies and conspiracies

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Giles molds Faith into a British noble so that she could infiltrate Savidge's home

About a year and a half after the destruction of Sunnydale, Giles came to Faith to ask her to assassinate another Slayer, Genevieve Savidge, who would bring around the Apocalypse if left unchecked, though her initial plan was to assassinate Buffy. After killing "Gigi" and her mentor Roden, they break away from the Slayer Organization and decide to work together as partners, keeping Slayers from turning down the dark path both Faith and Gigi walked. Because of his secret partnership with Faith, Buffy and Giles fell out of speaking terms.

Giles and Faith heard of a "Slayer Sanctuary" in a town called Hanselstadt from a young Slayer named Courtney. There, Giles encountered Duncan Fillworthe, a former Watcher, who claimed vampires did not dare to enter the town because they know the town contains an army of Slayers. Later, as Giles argued that a stalemate was not a solution to the vampire problem, Duncan revealed that the town was actually feeding the Slayers who come seeking sanctuary to an ancient demon. The fear of the demon is what really keeps the vampires from entering. Giles went to warn Faith as Duncan stated that this was the fate that Slayers deserve for rejecting the Watchers Council, especially Buffy, reminding Giles that Buffy's relationship with Angel resulted in Jenny Calendar's death. Giles found Faith already in combat with the demon, which feeds on beings who feel regret and fear. While trying to free Courtney from the demon, Duncan intercepted Giles. During their skirmish, the demon devoured Duncan and Giles saved Courtney while Faith killed the demon. The stalemate ended, Giles and Faith rallied the reluctant townspeople against the coming vampires, telling them if they want to live, they'll have to fight.[26]

After Harmony Kendall's reality show established a new pro-vampire, anti-Slayer world order, Faith and Giles were in hiding in the Führerbunker. Once their underground hideout was compromised by demons, they retreated to Scotland to reunite with Buffy. Giles and Buffy are driven to reconcile by Twilight's attacks. The entire group are later transported to Tibet to learn how to suppress their magic to stop Twilight from tracking them.

It was later revealed that Giles had been searching for something; one of the reasons he had been traveling around the world was to search for the Slayer who would be given enormous power and would create a new reality. Believing it to be a Watcher myth, Giles knew all along that Buffy was the Slayer in question, and had in fact been searching for the only weapon that could kill Buffy should she have reached this godhood.

Death and Legacy

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Giles dies at the hands of Angel

When the battle was brought to Sunnydale, Giles attempted to bring the Slayer Scythe to Buffy but Angel - possessed by Twilight - snapped his neck, killing him instantly. Buffy managed to destroy the Seed of Wonder, cutting magic off from this dimension in the process. Though the thousands of Slayers kept their strength, no new Slayer would be called.

In his will, Giles left all of his belongings, property, and savings to Faith so that she could retire and be free of the constant violence and danger that had plagued her life as well as have the resources to do what she felt needed to be done. To Buffy, he left her the Vampyr tome he had shown her when the two had first met, a clear statement that he considered Buffy the one true Slayer.[27]

After Angel regained consciousness from his Twilight-induced catatonia, he and Faith took it upon themselves to complete Giles' unfinished business, such as defeating a demon that was possessing a child. In the past, Giles was only able to bind the demon using a spell that required him to sacrifice his memory of a valued day. When Angel drove the demon out, he learned that the memory was of the day that Giles fell in love with Jenny. Feeling guilty over his role in Giles' death, Angel expressed his desperate desire to try to bring Giles back to life, although he is willing to listen to Faith's objections to his plans to ensure that he doesn't repeat his mistakes as Twilight and cross a line out of his desire to make up for his past mistakes.[28]

It was later revealed that Angel was using a Tooth of Ammuk, the Egyptian devourer of souls, to absorb fragments of Giles' soul from locations that had a particular meaning to Giles in the hope of essentially reconstructing his soul, such as the graveyard where Giles faced the Loorphage demon representing the beginning of his rebellious phase while the Shard of Stronnos - given to Angel by Giles' aunts - represents the last of Giles' childish innocence. As a result, Angel began taking on aspects of Giles' personality and mannerisms.[29]

When Angel attempted to acquire the last fragment of Giles' soul from his body—also planning to restore to Giles' body to vitality magically—he discovered that Giles's coffin was empty, with the lack of disturbance around the grave suggesting that it had been buried that way. Later, the slayer Nadira went to Guildford to consult an expert about resurrecting one of her fallen comrades; this man appeared to be Giles,[30] but it was later revealed to be a Giles possessed and reanimated by Eyghon, who used Giles to resurrect others to act as his agents after the Eyghon-possessed Ethan Rayne stole his body.

Discovering this, Angel recruited Spike to his team to take on Eyghon. As the majority of Giles' soul now existed within Angel, it provided him added protection from Eyghon's increased ability to possess the dead. Recovering the last fragment of Giles' soul, Angel's body contained three entities: his own soul, Giles', and that of the demon within. He reverted to a near-catatonic state, speaking in a British accent and as if he were reliving events in Giles' youth.

Later, Spike and Faith were successful in extracting Giles' soul from Angel using the Essuary, and Angel and Faith restored Giles' corpse to perfect condition using the Crown of Coils. Assembling Giles' aunts Lavinia and Sophronia Fairweather (de-powered witches), his friend Alasdair Coames (a de-powered warlock) and using Coames' collection of magical items as fuel for a spell, they attempted to reunite body and soul in a resurrection ritual. However, the ceremony was partly interrupted by an attack by Whistler, Pearl and Nash, seeking Coames' remaining magical items, putting the success of the ritual to resurrect Giles in question.

Resurrection

Giles: “Do you know I finally managed to figure out quite a bit? About myself, the world, my place in it. Now all that's gone. I find myself stumbling into an uncertain future, groping in the dark, surrounded by a world that makes no sense.
Faith: “Welcome to the club.
Giles: “I said I'd come back as the opposite of what you need. I should amend that statement. In sharing Angel's body, his mind, I have seen all you've been through since my passing. All you've done. And I know this. You may have wanted the old me back. But you don't need him anymore, Faith. None of you do.
— Giles' disconnection to the world[src]
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Giles is resurrected as a child.

Against all odds and better judgment, Giles was successfully returned to the living. However, it quickly became clear that the spell was not without side effects. Instead of adult Giles, they were instead faced with the very same man trapped in his young twelve-year-old body. Giles reacted with horror and fury at this. Struggling to be comfortable in new younger form, the former watcher furiously criticized Angel's obsession with bringing him back, and accused Lavinia and Sophronia of ruining his life once more when it became clear they were responsible for his resurrection as a child (they had both focused on ten-year old Giles, the one whose life they had ruined instead of the adult one). Calming down and trying to reign in his abhorrence of the situation, he decided to help Angel and Faith against Whistler.

Nevertheless, Giles was irrevocably depressed and directionless. He felt nothing but disconnection from the world he had returned to. Despite Faith's attempts to convince him he was needed, Giles disagreed, believing—based on what he had seen while his soul was trapped in Angel—that everyone around him had moved on with their lives during his death and that none of them, not even Faith or Buffy, really had necessity for him as a guide or authority figure. After successfully pinpointing Whistler's location in London, Giles and the rest of the group had a moment of reflection. Giles was grateful for Angel's resurrection of him and freeing him from Eyghon's hold of torment, but admitted that if he was to die again in this battle, he would be able to accept his death peacefully. All of the others agreed that they also didn't mind sacrificing their lives against Whistler, Pearl, and Nash if it came down to it in the end.[31]

While Angel and Faith engaged in the heavy fighting, Giles had for the most part remained on the sidelines with his aunts and his old friend Alasdair. Giles, and Alasdair had agreed to form magic together as some form of spell against their enemies. When Nash prepared to release the magic plague ball on London, Giles had managed to conjure up a fireball to injure him. He successfully hit him in the back, causing Nash to drop the unstable ball of pure magic. Giles and the group attempted to stop it from landing, but were ultimately too late as the citizens below began mutating into monsters as soon as the plague ball touched them.[32]

Faith and Angel still fighting, Giles and Alasdair manage to get the orb of pure magic while the others were too distracted fighting. Along with his aunts, who had decided to calm down the townspeople as they began shifting into monsters, Giles and Alasdair form a plan. They attempt to detonate the orb and absorb it given their history with magic, but it was dangerous since the consequence could be death or restoring Alasdair's magic and Giles' true age. Coming to terms with their decision, they are both stopped when Pearl and Nash realize their intentions. After Faith killed Nash and knelt over a severely injured Nadira with the intention of healing her through the magical orb, Giles consoled her and regretfully informed her it was unlikely for it to heal her. She sadly accepted this and tried to give it back to them, only for Whistler to take it and prepare to unleash the plague himself.[33]

After Angel managed to get through to Whistler and stop the magic plague from spreading globally, Giles briefly stayed to help tend to the mutated people of London. However, he felt no desire to be there permanently with his aunts, believing the place he was at his best was with Buffy and the others. Giles parted from Angel on friendly terms before traveling to San Francisco with Faith.[34]

San Francisco

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Reuniting with Buffy

Giles reunited Buffy and the Scoobies midst fighting zompires in San Rosita and traveled with them to live in San Francisco. Being in a young body restored Giles' profiency in casting powerful spells which greatly helped the Scoobies in their battles. However, Giles encountered some mood issues due to him going through early puberty again.

Willow devised a spell to restore Giles to his true age. It worked by rapidly aging him, however; it must be removed within 48 hours or Giles will die of old age and once the spell is complete, his age cannot be altered once more. Giles agreed to have the spell cast on him when he found out Olivia was free that morning and the two met up and had sex in his 20 year old body (Olivia originally rejected intimacy with him before due to his prepubescence). He also contacted Lavinia and Sophronia via skype regarding the spell, and the two of them were opposed to the idea of growing old. Giles' luck then started to change over the course of the day. Willow and Buffy declined Giles' fatherly wisdom, he couldn't play video games as well as he could as a child because his hand-eye coordination had diminished, and he lost the great magical power he possessed in his youth. After being attacked by a demon sent by the current Big Bad, Giles had Willow reverse the spell so that he maintain his magic to protect Olivia. With two hours left before the spell's reversal, a middle-aged Giles had a heart-to-heart talk with Buffy who he claimed was proud of how she turned out.

After the death of the second Magic Council, Giles was made the vice-president under Buffy in the new council.

Personality

I imagine you hate me right now. [...] But I have sworn to protect this sorry world and sometimes that means saying and doing things that ... other people can't. What they shouldn't have to.
―Giles to Buffy[src]

As the Watcher, librarian, and general authority/father figure, Giles frequently delivered exposition. Giles was often portrayed as somewhat of a "straight man" and his "stuffy" Oxford sensibility served as counterpoint to the stereotypical Southern Californian characters and setting. According to Willow, he made a "weird cluck-cluck sound with his tongue" when he was angry but was "too English to say anything."[35] Giles was well-known for wearing tweed clothes, so much so that the Scoobies joked that even his diapers were made from the material.

I am so very sorry. My contrition completely dwarfs the impending apocalypse.
―Giles to Buffy[src]

However, he wore non-tweed suits and even casual clothes more often after his retirement from the library. A good deal of humor came from Giles contradicting his established prim and proper image. Giles (like Head in real life) was also a talented singer and guitar player.[36] He also loves Halloween, which Buffy was surprised to learn.[37] At times, he also proved to be arrogant and somewhat of a liar: when explaining how he survived being attacked by a Bringer in Robson's flat, he initially stated that it was instinct that saved him, but later admitted that he simply heard the Bringer's shoes squeaking.[38]

He was not what one would call technology-savvy, and was even somewhat technophobic by his own admission, a fact which often brought him into conflict with technopagan and computer science teacher Jenny Calendar. However, after Jenny aided him in casting the demon Moloch out of the Internet, the pair reached an understanding and began a romantic relationship. Despite this, he never overcame his aversion to technology and was horrified to see that the new Sunnydale High School library had only computers.[23]

Giles had tendency to take off his glasses and wipe them during situations. It was eventually figured out by Buffy that this was his way of avoiding having to see the activities of the other Scoobies, when he did so as Xander and Anya passionately kissed after announcing their engagement.[21] At one point, Giles wiped his glasses so hard they broke when the Watchers Council came to Sunnydale.[39]

Very few people called Giles by his first name, Rupert, including the Scoobies. Willow called him "Rupert" while she was evil, and Spike did so often in disdain or just to be annoying. He was called by his nickname, Ripper, by Ethan Rayne and by Joyce Summers, when she and Giles were both under a spell that made them like teenagers.

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Giles had always been a father figure to Buffy

Although seen early on as purely present to be her adviser and trainer, Giles developed a very close almost father-daughter relationship with Buffy, who lacked a father figure because of her own father never being around for her. One thing that definitely separated Giles from most Watchers was his compassion. While most Watchers were completely ruthless and fanatically devoted to their mission to the extent that they were perfectly willing to sacrifice people and perform unethical deeds, Giles truly did care for Buffy and her friends to the extent that he defied the rules of the Cruciamentum to save Buffy's life—as well as being willing to at least tolerate Angel and Spike, even after witnessing their crimes as soulless demons, although he never fully trusted them—he has shown a willingness to commit more questionable actions than the rest of the Scoobies could condone, such as killing the innocent Ben in order to prevent Glory from returning. This darkness in him was evident to the addled Tara ahead of the conflict.

His personality also became darker over the years with insights into his past actions. He once reverted to his teenage personality of "Ripper," a violent criminal.[40] He was also shown to have meddled in dark magics which got a friend of his killed. He was not above using violence to solve problems, such as coercing Principal Snyder to get Buffy readmitted to school and even murdering Ben to prevent Glory from returning. Ironically, this event proved that Giles was not against the end justifying the means method, a similarity to Quentin Travers, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce and Angel.

Powers and Abilities

He'll be alright. He's like 'Super Librarian'. Everyone forgets, Willow. Knowledge is the ultimate weapon.
Xander [src]

Knowledge

Giles had immense knowledge of demonology and Slayer combat (including at least a theoretical knowledge of jujutsu and aikido, but excelling at the art of fencing), mainly due to his training as a Watcher. While he had no true supernatural powers of his own, his extensive experience in dealing with vampires, demons, and other creatures made him capable of handling them effectively. His youthful interest in witchcraft and sorcery had endured into his adult life, granting him knowledge of a wide variety of spells, though his natural aptitude for it was only moderate (much less than that of Willow or Amy). Giles was proficient in several languages, including Latin, ancient Greek, Sumerian,[41] Japanese,[39] and possibly Gaelic,[42] but weak in German,[43] Mandarin, and Cantonese.[38]

Fighting Skill

Giles had moderate skill in hand-to-hand combat, as well as various melee weapons. He also implied that he was a skilled marksman.[44] While his demeanor was typically mild and polite, Giles was not above using raw violence to solve a problem (his nickname "Ripper" should suggest something), such as physically threatening Principal Snyder into readmitting Buffy to school after her expulsion,[9] pummeling Angelus senseless with a flaming baseball bat and burning down his hideout upon discovering that he had killed Jenny Calendar,[15] smothering Ben to death with his bare hands to prevent Glory's return when Buffy chooses to spare him,[20] brutally beating Ethan Rayne for information[45] or simply to improve his mood,[18] manhandling Spike while ordering him to get over his obsession with Buffy,[46] and forcing Glory's minion, Slook, to talk by inflicting a painful-sounding injury.[47] Typically however, Giles' calm demeanor and professionalism offered him a detached state of authority even in the face of fearsome monsters, as demonstrated during his confrontation with a violent demon.[48] He was also shown to be able to quickly hot-wire a car.[9]

Magical Powers

Giles was granted the powers of the Devon Coven in an attempt to stop Willow. During this time, he demonstrated powers such as teleportation, telekinesis, and energy projection. He lost all of these powers when Willow drained him and left him on the brink of death, but he recovered immediately after Xander calmed her down from her rampage.[49] His moderate proficiency in magic combined with his natural acumen and intelligence made him quite formidable; he killed Roden, a skillful warlock, through using a spell inventively.[44]

When Giles was resurrected as a child, he possessed magical abilities surpassing that of his older self. This was due to him being born with a natural talent for magic which he repressed in his previous life.[50] Magical feats include energy blasts that could vaporize vampires, force fields and sleeping spells.

Relationships

Romantic

Giles: “I'm not supposed to have a private life?
Buffy: “No! Because you're very, very old and it's gross.
Buffy and Giles[src]
  • Charlotte — An early crush of Giles' during his time in training to be a Watcher, describing her as "whip smart" and "beautiful". However, he had never found the courage to act on his interest in her or even ask her out for tea. He would eventually be forced to witness her death at the hands of a Lorophage Demon during a supposed test to prove themselves to their calling in the Watchers Council.[51]
    BuffyJennyGiles

    Giles and Jenny.

  • Jenny Calendar — A computer science teacher at Sunnydale High, Jenny was a techno-pagan. Giles saw her at first as a symbol of the encroachment of sterile technology into the organic world of books, but they grew closer after cooperating to defeat the demon Moloch.[52] Giles and Jenny began to date each other, Jenny even taking him to a monster truck race, much to Giles's horror. They went through a few falling outs, only to always forgive each other. When Angel lost his soul, Jenny was found to be part of the Gypsy clan who had cursed him with a human soul in 1898. She had been sent to Sunnydale to keep an eye on him, not knowing about the loophole in the curse that cost Angel his soul. Furious at this believed betrayal, Giles initially joined Buffy in ostracizing Jenny.[53] Buffy would later tell her that Giles missed her and Jenny confesses to Giles that she fell in love with him, only for him to find her dead and killed by Angelus. Devastated by this event, he had attempted to kill Angelus only to be stopped by Buffy. He admitted that in all his years as Watcher he had buried many but Jenny was the first that he loved.[15] Driven by grief, he had insisted soon after her death that she was haunting the school despite the clear evidence that she wasn't.[54] When Drusilla had manipulated his mind by seeing "with his heart", it was Jenny who had appeared which enabled Angelus to find out how Acathla would be unleashed.[55] Her death caused Giles and the rest of the Scoobies (excluding Buffy) to distrust Angel when he was re-ensouled. Many years later, Giles had to sacrifice a beloved memory in his life in order to anchor a spell that would bind a demon possessing a little girl, the memory being the day he fell in love with Jenny.[28]
  • Joyce Summers — Often, Joyce and Giles confided in each other about Buffy as both of them represented parental figures in her life. Though when Buffy briefly exiled herself from Sunnydale to Los Angeles, Joyce angrily told Giles she blamed him and that he had this relationship with her behind her back, much to his guilt.[56] However, as Sunnydale's adult population came under the influence of magical chocolate, Giles reverted to his rebellious teenage persona, Ripper. He romanced Joyce and got intimate with her twice, including once on the hood of a police car.[57] They were too embarrassed afterward to be romantically involved again. Buffy realized to her great horror, that her mother had slept with Giles twice[58] and she would later mention to him (in Faith's body) that her mother thought that he was like a stevedore during sex, a moment which was truly awkward for Giles.[59]
  • Olivia Williams — During his period of unemployment, Giles began seeing this "old friend", an English woman with whom he seemed to share a casual, albeit sexual, on-again off-again relationship. Olivia seemingly met him during his Ripper era, the 1970s, as he had once claimed to her that he had been a founding member of Pink Floyd, as well as being into the occult. Olivia visited him from England around the time the Gentlemen came to Sunnydale. Bothered by the demon-fighting life Giles lived, Olivia presumably broke up with Giles then after.[60] Olivia was seen one last time in a dream state,[61] in which she was pregnant and had bonded him over Buffy when they took her in a "demon carnival".[61] Many years later, Olivia was apparently told of Giles' death at Angel's hands. She was, according to Lavinia, very upset and distraught by it.[10] Olivia reunited with Giles following his resurrection where he attempted to reignite their relationship. However, she rejected him due to his prepubescent body.[62]

Paternal

File:Gilesscoobies.jpg

Giles with the other core Scoobies

From time to time, I am asked--by people with an alarming lack of tact--why a man like myself, who has demonstrated an affinity for working with children, has none of his own. Other people's children are quite enough, thank you.
―Rupert Giles[src]

Giles took a parental role in the lives of Buffy, Willow, Xander, Anya, and much later, Faith. After Giles comes to stop the havoc Dark Willow is wreaking and Buffy and Anya call his name in surprise, Willow snidely remarked "Uh-oh, daddy's home! I'm in wicked trouble now."[22]

S1l3

Giles and his slayer who he quickly grew to love like a daughter.

  • Buffy Summers — Giles initially held an overall bad impression of Buffy, due to her original reluctance to accept her calling and many of her odd personality quirks that did nothing but confuse him, describing her as "willful and insolent" in his early Watcher notes.[63] However, Giles became immensely fond of her and took on the father figure in her life, as her own father Hank Summers was never around. Their close bond became such that Buffy even went to him to take her ice skating when her father had bailed on her. Though their relationship hit a strain when Giles had dosed her with Cruciamentum on order of the Watchers Council on her 18th birthday. While Buffy was put in great danger against a powerful vampire, Giles confronted the council over such cruel treatment. Buffy was initially furious that he had taken advantage of her trust but was touched that he had stood up against them. However, Giles was promptly fired from the Watchers Council by Quentin Travers as he had developed a father's love for Buffy which only caused him to be a liability.[64] Following Wesley's migration into the Scooby Gang and position as the new Watcher, Buffy still valued Giles' opinions much more and went to him directly instead of her actual watcher, due to her contempt for Wesley and respect for Giles. Following Buffy's enter into college, she became less dependent on Giles which often caused him to feel unappreciated and left out. Buffy had forgotten to tell Giles that Riley was one of the commandos in a military operation and was deeply annoyed and hurt when everyone (even Spike and Anya) were aware of it. When Maggie Walsh had criticized Buffy of having an absent father figure, Giles was very offended by this claim and developed a dislike of the woman because of it. After his time as a Fyarl Demon was reversed, Giles expressed concern over Buffy's relationship with Riley given his affiliation with The Initiative. Buffy brushed off his worries and saw Riley and The Initiative as two separate things.[18]  Spike would later take note of Giles' feeling of uselessness as he attempted to turn him against Buffy under orders of Adam. After Spike mentioned how Buffy did not need him anymore and treated him with no respect by constantly disobeying him, Giles had took this to heart and began excessively drinking. He had showed abrupt rudeness towards Buffy and claimed Adam would easily destroy her since she no longer trained with him, clearly intoxicated with alcohol. Buffy showed great annoyance with this and described Giles as "a funny drunk drooling on my shoes" when arguing that none of them would be able to help her,[1] but reconciled soon after.[41] In a dream created by The First Slayer, Buffy was portrayed as at acting like a young girl instead of her true age, and pulling Giles around like he was her father. Giles had shown protectiveness and his watcher-like habits over Buffy, but also started displaying a vague undertone of "tough love", foreshadowing his later departure of Sunnydale when Buffy refused to grow up after her resurrection. It also demonstrated how he was truly beginning to feel that she did not need him anymore as an adult.[61] Nevertheless, Giles' sense of Buffy not needing to learn anything from him anymore returned and though immensely proud of the girl he saw as a daughter, he had resolved to return to England. Before he could actually leave, Buffy confronted to him and requested Giles to began her Slayer training again as she felt the desire to understand her true nature; Giles, pleased, agreed immediately.[19] After the Watchers Council threatened to deport Giles back to England if Buffy didn't allow them to test her slayer abilities, Giles expressed disgust at how low they would go and the two shared a moment together.[39] When Spike's feelings for Buffy were exposed to the Scooby Gang, Giles was extremely protective of her and ordered Spike to leave them and move on with his life out of concern for Buffy.[46] When she was forced to be the legal guardian of Dawn, Buffy doubted she was mature enough to be suitable and begged Giles to take care of Dawn instead as an authority figure.  He firmly declined, reminding Buffy that it was her job since she was Dawn's only family.[47] After getting severely wounded by a Knight of Byzantium, Giles confessed to Buffy his overwhelming pride over her and that he had always admired her ability to follow her heart above all else.[65]  Buffy and Giles briefly argued with each other while on the run from Glory as he had suggested killing Dawn to save the world which Buffy refused. Upon seeing Buffy's lifeless body after she sacrificed herself, Giles was stunned and numb.[65] Following Buffy's death, Giles was grief-stricken, feeling a great sense of failure for not keeping her from dying. Because of this, he remained in Sunnydale as well as the Magic Box despite Anya's frequent protests. Eventually, he departed to England[66] only to return immediately following Buffy's resurrection. Giles hugged Buffy upon seeing her, and lovingly told her he had always seen her as a miracle. The two caught up, Giles expressing his worry over where she had been and how she was dealing with being back. Despite this, he argued with Willow over her reckless resurrection and that while he was glad she was alive again, he would've stopped it if he had been there, pointing out the consequences were far too risky.[67]  As Buffy began to shirk off her adult duties to Giles such as paying bills,[68] Giles realized that he was standing in the way of her embracing adulthood, resolving to leave to England as he would always take the burden for her due to his hatred of watching her suffer. Buffy reacted with anger, believing him to be abandoning her in her time of need and his departure became one of the many factors that caused her to embark on a highly destructive sexual relationship with Spike.[69] Giles returned later to help fight against Dark Willow and Buffy and Giles returned to good terms.[49] Giles aided Buffy against The First as well as the Potential slayers but their relationship once again became strained. He had conspired with Robin Wood to take out Spike against Buffy's wishes, feeling him to be too much of a threat to be allowed to live and that her feelings for him were clouding her judgement. Furious at this, Buffy had roughly slammed the door in his face afterwards.[23] Giles and Buffy also had another heated argument about her decision to face Caleb at where she thought he was and wanted everyone to accept it, being one of the many that forced her out of her own house.[70] They seemed to reconcile their bond but it again went through another falling out due to Giles's partnership with Faith,[71] falling out of speaking terms until forced into Tibet to hide from Twilight.[72] They finally seemed to make peace, only for Giles to have his neck broken by a Twilight-possessed Angel. Furious, stunned, and grief-stricken, Buffy smashed the Seed of Wonder, ending magic on Earth as a result. In his will, Giles had left Buffy the slayer handbook he had given to her long ago named Vampyr, Faith interpreting it as Buffy being the "true slayer" and that she was still "number one son".[27] When he was brought back to life by Faith and Angel, Buffy was decided to remain in the dark of the development. While Angel was excited over telling her, Giles had felt differently. He reasoned that Buffy would not be there quick enough to help them defeat Whistler since he was an immediate threat, but also it was far too early to say such that when had just been resurrected in a matter of hours.[31] After the battle with Whistler, Giles decided to go to San Francisco, stating to Faith that the time he was at his best was when he was with Buffy.[34]
  • Willow Rosenberg — Since she first asked Giles, "What can I do?" and he responded, "You can help me," Willow has proven to be an invaluable assistant in the fight against evil for both Giles and Buffy. Giles and Willow developed a very close and tight bond, having mutual respect for each others talents, Giles once claiming her as " truly the finest of all of them.".[73] However, their relationship eventually became briefly conflicted in Season Six as Giles had shown anger at Willow's abuse of dark magic, insulting her to be a " rank, arrogant amateur" and that by resurrecting Buffy, she could've unleashed hell on earth.[67] When Willow turned dark, he had fought against her with powerful magic he borrowed from the council but in the end lost as she absorbed his magic, causing him to be on the verge of dying.[49] Despite his near-death at the hands of Dark Willow, Giles forgave her immediately and took to his estate in England, aiding her in learning to recover from her addiction to magic and face her friends for her misdeeds, showing a new depth to their relationship.[74] After Buffy and Giles' fallout because of Faith,[71] while discussing the Dracula-type vampires, Willow had noted to Buffy "If Giles were here, he'd say "Precisely! and then rub his glasses on his shirt. ".[75] Following Giles' death at the hands of Twilight, Willow grieved like the rest of the Scooby Gang. Despite her great respect and platonic love for Giles, she originally disapproved of Angel's efforts to resurrect him, seeing it as ending in nothing but disaster.[76]
  • Xander Harris — Giles was often annoyed with Xander's behavior while Xander often joked about his doddering; winning a bet with Willow when he predicted that Giles would mention consulting his books in the first 10 minutes of school, claiming Giles' underwear was also tweed and showing surprise at his possession of a television, remarking that "[Giles is] shallow, like the rest of us". Giles tended to overlook Xander's approach to things, noting that Xander always managed "to boil a complex thought down to its simplest possible form".[15] Though, at rare times Giles did react grimly to Xander's triviality such as when Xander fell asleep while watching werewolf Oz,[77] leading him to escape and when Xander got split into his best and worst qualities, Giles had bluntly deduced that Xander was being a bad influence on himself as they began to act childish in the same way.[78] Another example was when Giles expressed extreme annoyance at Xander's quips of 'turning gay' after an unsuccessful date with a demonic woman who had tried to kill him.[38] Nevertheless, they seemed to have some odd type of father/son bond for the most part. Xander and Giles are a lot alike. Xander may not have Giles' intelligence, but he has heart and his detective skills. Giles is proud of his decision to become a watcher.
  • Cordelia Chase — Giles and Cordelia's relationship early on mirrored that of his bonds with Anya and Xander. Like most of the Scooby Gang, Giles was thoroughly annoyed by her trademark lack of tact, shallowness, and self-absorbed personality. He originally had a mild distaste of her and on one occasion had feigned her hair being messed up somehow, noting with satisfaction that Xander was right in it would cause her to leave.[79] While he eventually tried to ignore Cordelia's quirks, there were many occasions when he had failed. Such examples include when had had exasperatedly questioned if she had ever heard of tact when she had mentioned Buffy's dead cousin[80] and he had snapped at her for asking incessant questions about demons while he was trying to focus. Cordelia looked down on his stuffy, uptight attitude but did respect his knowledge of the supernatural and looked to him as the parental figure of the Scooby Gang like the rest of them. She had once distrusted Giles during Buffy's welcome back party, worried that he was a zombie but immediately recognized it was him when Giles had insulted her as being tiresome.[9] She had also, on one occasion, told him she hated him when he had caused her to carry droppings of a toad for a spell without telling her what it is first but was clearly exaggerating her words.[43] They lost contact with one another when she departed Sunnydale and moved to Los Angeles to pursue her dream of being an actress.[81]
  • Anya Jenkins — Initially, Giles was struck by Anya's abrupt rudeness, the first time when she told him to go away in his own home, because she wanted to talk to Xander alone and the second time when she referred to his girlfriend Olivia Williams as his "orgasm friend".[17] Giles was also immensely annoyed and uncomfortable when Anya asked to have a threesome with Xander after he was split in two, requesting the group to ignore "the disturbing sex talk."[78] Given how overwhelming running the Magic Box had proven for him, Giles recognized Anya's efficiency behind the counter and offered her a job.[3] Through this, Anya looked up to him as a keen business man and as her boss, and he treated her like a daughter, albeit a strange one. They did have their argument when Giles unknowing sold Glory key ingredients to a dangerous ritual, Anya noticed the potency of the ingredients and called Giles stupid whereon he replied "Allow me to answer that question with a firing".[82] After Buffy's death, Anya became impatient with Giles as she wanted ownership over the Magic Box, which Giles eventually gave to her.[66] When Giles returned after Buffy's resurrection, Anya hugged him, though immediately informed him also that he could not have the shop again and that he signed papers.[67] When Willow had performed a spell that backfired and caused everyone to loss their memories, Anya and Giles believed they were engaged due to the ring she was wearing and that they owned a magic shop together. However, they erupted into arguments easily when Anya kept creating bunnies from the wrong spell book and she had angrily claimed that she never understood all the British words he used around her. Giles had come to the conclusion that he was leaving her (due to the passport to England) and had understood why after Anya had hit him over the head with a book, as she felt a desire to seek vengeance on him. They had forgiven each other and shared a kiss, only for their memories to be restored right after. Neither of them ever brought it up again afterwards, too embarrassed to do so and their relationship returned to it's platonic nature.[69] When Giles returned a second time during Willow's reign of evil, he briefly dispatched Willow and Anya informed him that she dyed her hair blond, just when he noticed that Buffy had cut hers. When Giles' magically energy was drained, Anya stayed with him, thinking the world would end and they would die.[49]
  • Dawn Summers — Like he did with Buffy, Giles represented a strong father figure role in Dawn's life. However, on one occasion, he was asked to babysit Dawn while Buffy was at a party and had been forced to endure teenage pop music, eat cookie dough, and gossip about boys, much to Giles' horror. After the experience, Giles suggested a fourteen-year old was too old to be babysat.[46] He also rejected taking up the role of Dawn's paternal guardian, believing that Buffy was the suitable option since she was her family.[47] On the eve of the final battle with Glory, Giles had suggested that Dawn would have to be killed if they could not stop her in time, angering Buffy. He admitted he loved Dawn, but sometimes they would have to do things that others couldn't.[20]  Despite this, Giles held fatherly affection for Dawn and was genuinely regretful after he decided to leave to England, reassuring a upset Dawn that he was only a phone call away.[66] When he returned, they had apparently been about to experiment with different cereals and mix them together, only to be attacked by a demon.[67] Giles gradually became the sole guardian of Dawn,[21] forced to scold her for her immature actions which were absently avoided by Buffy in Season Six. Later, Giles had comforted a guilty, upset Dawn after forcing Buffy out of her own house.[70] Because of their close bond, it's likely Dawn grieved for his passing.
  • Faith Lehane  — After the destruction of Sunnydale Giles and Faith traveled together, defeating or counseling rogue slayers.[83] During their brief partnership, Giles and Faith seemed to develop a close bond due to both of them having a strained relationship with Buffy at the time.[71] Faith later admitted to Angel that he was important to her and she missed him. It was shown that at one point she had shared with him her guilt over murdering Professor Worth and Giles had displayed great understanding, gently saying that he could make excuses about her being mentally unstable at the time but she still killed someone and the best option was to outweigh the bad with a lifetime of good.[28] It would appear that they had a combination of a partnership and a parental/child relationship, though upon his death, Faith stated to Buffy that she [Buffy] was "number one son" and that Giles only gave her his estate in London as well as other things because he thought she needed it more than Buffy did.[27] Since then, Faith joined Angel in attempting to complete Giles' finished work and find a way to bring him back to life, although she was only going along with the plan so as to be there for him and stop him from going too far. Eventually, however, Faith begun to be more emotionally immersed in resurrecting Giles. She realized that she desperately needed him back, Giles having become like a father to her during their travels together.[84] When Giles was resurrected, Faith reacted with shock and disbelief at the form he had taken. Overcoming this and Giles' "raging pre-teen hormones", Faith and Giles quickly rekindled their bond. Giles had expressed to Faith his disconnection from the world and how felt he no longer had a place in it, struggling to find his purpose. Faith had tried to comfort him by comparing it to herself, but Giles denied her words. He dejectedly explained that he was sorry he did not come back as the authority figure she wanted, but then claimed she did not need the old him anyone. In fact, as far he was concerned, no one truly needed him.[31] After Whistler's death, Giles and Faith argued over who would own his house in London. Giles insisted she should keep it so she'd have a place to rest while Faith believed he deserved it back since he wasn't dead anymore. However, the argument was briefly forgot about when he asked if he could travel with Faith to San Francisco. While she initially believed he wanted to spent time with her, it turned out Giles' intention was to return to Buffy, much to Faith's visible disappointment.[34]

Friendships

Familial

  • Mr. Giles — Giles' father was a watcher and held firm notions of responsibility and destiny. When Giles was still a child, his father had not allowed him to be a fighter pilot when he grew up and forced the duty as a future watcher on him, believing it to be his destiny and nothing else.[85] From the beginning, Giles had a tense relationship with his father but after a failed test against a supposed vampire (who turned out to be Lorophage Demon) and the resulted deaths of Phillip and Charlotte, it worsened.[29] Giles angrily blamed him for testing them when none of them were ready, calling it murder. While his father pushed his notions of loyalty to the Watchers Council, Giles rebelled. Tired of being "chosen" to take part in a life he never wanted, he called his father and this way of life an obscenity, deciding to make his own choices that had nothing to do with being a watcher.[8]
  • Edna Giles — As a young boy, Giles was revealed to be very close to his grandmother. According to Lavinia, this was partly because he had inherited her sense of honor and accordance to duty. Sophie claimed it was also because he thought she was so "bloody superior" because she had aged gracefully. When he had accidentally killed a light demon, Edna had agreed with her son to have him train to become a future watcher because of his latent talents towards magics.[86]
  • Lavinia Fairweather — Giles' great aunt that had been using magics for years to keep her appearance youthful. His relationship with her was apparently strained and estranged, due to his beliefs and contempt of his family using magic for such frivolous means. He had later in life rarely mentioned them, but seemed to care for her as he kept a family portrait of them up in his estate. [86] Following Giles' resurrection, his strained relationship with his aunts was immediately seen. Lavinia and Sophie were in accidentally responsible for his reversion to a 12-year old boy, due to their thoughts having been solely focused on the young child whose life they had ruined. Once aware of this, Giles proceeded to call them idiots and that had ruined his life once again in a fit of anger. Lavinia and her sister remained flippant of his attitude and instead teased him as being cute as a little boy, much to Giles' immense irritation.[31] Once the world was safe from the magical plague, Giles wanted to leave London, at least partially because of his distaste of being around his shallow aunts.[34]
  • Sophronia Fairweather — His other aunt, Giles' relationship with Sophie mirrored his bond with Lavinia. Giles believed using magic for beauty care techniques were shallow and unethical. Rarely mentioning Sophie, he had kept one of their family portraits. [86] Being equally as responsible for Giles' resurrection as a twelve year boy as her a sister, he had angrily pinned the blame on them and that claimed they had ruined his life once again. This earned him some lighthearted teasing of his "cute" form, not amusing Giles in the least.[87] He would eventually leave London, partially because he did not want to be around her or Lavinia.[34]

Antagonistic

  • Ethan Rayne — During Giles' youth and rebellious years, he met Ethan and together they delved deeper together in the dark magics with a group. They consequently became best friends for some time until they went too far with their magics and summoned up a demon in the process. It had possessed their friend Randall and they had attempted to exorcise it, only to cause his death. Giles was guilt-stricken by this and distanced himself from dark magic, deciding to embrace is career as a watcher. After this, Giles and Ethan became mortal enemies due to Ethan's continued fascination with dark magic and chaos.[88] Ethan later appeared in Sunnydale to wreck havoc on Halloween, which infuriated Giles with how little he changed.[45] When Giles reverted to his teenage, rebellious persona due to the magical candy, he had immediately been hostilely aggressive toward Ethan. He had attempted to beat him up several times, requesting Buffy to "knock his teeth down his throat. " However, Buffy had prevented him from killing him as she needed information. Giles did however show great elation when she finally punched Ethan in the face.[57] The following year, Giles once again reunited with him but upon seeing him, he told Ethan bluntly that beating him up would improve his mood by quite a bit. However, he is persuaded by him to not fight him and instead, decided to drink together and reminisce about the old days. Unfortunately, this backfired for Giles as Ethan ended up transforming him into a Fyarl Demon. Giles desperately tried to find him and once he did, proceeded to furiously beat him up the point he would've killed him. However, Buffy and Riley prevented it and Ethan was able to reverse the spell.[18]
  • Principal Snyder — During his job as librarian in Sunnydale High, Giles was forced to work under Principal Snyder. He was tolerant of him most of the time but only because he had to be. Giles harbored a distaste of the principal throughout all his years he worked under him and Snyder had looked down upon him as well, finding him incompetent. He had mostly disliked Giles, due to his failure to understand why he was so close to Buffy and so much potential in her; all he ever saw was a irresponsible delinquent. However, Giles had at one point threatened Snyder with violence when he didn't allow Buffy to be accepted back into his school.[9] When Snyder was eaten by The Mayor, along with the rest of the Scooby Gang, they did not miss him.[89]
  • Gwendolyn Post — Post had appeared to the Scooby Gang under the guise of being Faith's new watcher by orders of the council. Giles had been shown to be slightly offended and disappointed by this perceived development, likely because he had enjoyed training them both. Post had continually expressed a superior and pompous attitude to him, criticizing him for his lack of organization in his books and unorthodox methods of allowing Buffy and Faith so much freedom and lack of restrictions. She had even pushed it further by claiming the council believed he was becoming "too American", much to Giles' dismay and Buffy's shock. Giles had attempted to prove her wrong but was frustrated to realize it had taken him very long to find the proper book she had mentioned. Greatly annoyed with this and Post herself, Buffy had suggested somewhat jokingly if they could kill her and his response was " I think the council might frown upon that. " Despite his antagonism, they did have tea together only for Gwen to hit him severely over the head and knock him out.[90]
  • Quentin Travers — After Buffy's Cruciamentum, Giles had spoken out harshly against Quentin, developing a great amount of disgust at his uncaring exterior and harsh ways. Quentin remained indifferent to this and instead took it upon himself to fire Giles from the Watchers Council, his reasoning being that he had betrayed the teachings of the council by aiding the Slayer, telling her the truth, and had developed an attachment to Buffy akin to that of a father's love. Therefore, he had declared him entirely useless to the council.[64] Giles would later reunite with him over a year later when he came to possibly give a job back to the Watchers Council if he had trained Buffy well enough through the traditional methods. Giles was shown to still be bitter over his last firing and was revolted when the Council threatened to deport him to England indefinitely if he did not comply to their orders. After Buffy turned the tables on the Council and Quentin, the two then ironically shared a drink together.[39] In the beginning, Quentin and Giles were depicted at being very different people. However, later in the following years, he ironically adopted some of Quentin's ruthlessness and "ends justifies the means" beliefs.[20][23]
  • Wesley Wyndam-Pryce — From the beginning, Wesley and Giles had a bad relationship. This was because of Wesley's original high superiority complex to mostly everyone, especially Giles who was his senior. Giles, on the other hand, had very little respect for his fellow watcher and rarely ever took him seriously. Wesley was so incompetent during his time in Sunnydale that Buffy had continued going to Giles for advice instead of her new watcher, much to Wesley's great annoyance. He had also declared arrogantly that Giles had an emotional problem and that was his unusual attachment to the slayer which exasperated the older man. They did, however, ironically clean their glasses once at exactly the same time without looking at each other.[63] Oddly enough, they seemed to have a slight bond of camaraderie as they often worked together as watchers for Faith and Buffy (Giles unofficially), even able to relate to each other somewhat due to their preferred resource of books. Giles and Wesley had even once participated in a fencing match, sparring each other. During the prom at Sunnydale High, Wesley had asked for advice from Giles and if he could dance with Cordelia despite being much older than her. Extremely annoyed by his, he had rudely told him she was eighteen years and bluntly insulted him by claiming that he had the "emotional maturity of a blueberry scone". Nevertheless, he told him to stop hesitating and do so already, fed up with Wesley and leaving him soon afterwards. Despite this, Wesley had expressed gratitude even though he was still extremely offended by his remark.[91] After Sunnydale High was blown up upon defeating The Mayor, he had decided to check up on a whimpering Wesley, nevertheless seeming greatly amused by his incompetence once again.[89] They never saw each other again after Wesley left Sunnydale though Giles did mention him much, much later to Andrew. He had apparently had a very negative opinion of him still and found him pathetic, completely unaware of the drastic changes Wesley had undergone during his time in Angel Investigations.[24]
  • Spike — Spike and Giles have always shared an intense dislike for each other. Because Spike was at first an evil, soulless vampire, Giles, like the rest of the Scooby Gang viewed him solely as a mortal enemy. When he was implanted with his chip by the Initiative and was left completely unable to harm humans, Giles tolerated Buffy's decision to let him live in his state of defenselessness, despite Spike's still-cruel ambitions. He even allowed Spike to live in his apartment for a while, though he did not try to hide his intense annoyance towards Spike during his time there. When Spike and Buffy were influenced to be engaged under magic, Giles was utterly disgusted by it. The idea of having Spike as a son-in-law horrified him, and he began drinking excessive amounts of Scotch (something he only did when in a bad mood).[92] He was quite happy to see Spike move to Xander's basement when the time came.[93] Later, when Giles was transformed into a Fyarl Demon, he was forced to go to Spike to help as he spoke the Fyarl's language. Spike helped Giles, but still made him pay several hundred dollars for his services.[94] Afterwards, Giles reluctantly thanked Spike for helping him when he needed it, only for him to be rude and annoyed with his presence. Giles did not forget this, and when Spike subsequently came to him for help, he refused until Spike paid back some of the money. Despite his immense dislike of him, Giles suggested that Spike leave Sunnydale for his own safety from The Initiative, only for Spike to refuse.[4] Giles had agreed to Spike's terms of never having him slain if he gave them information on The Initiative. However, Spike had manipulated him under the order of Adam and subtly taunted him over how Buffy rarely ever followed his orders and did not need him in her life anymore. Successfully hitting a weak point, Giles was depressed and began drinking large amounts of scotch.[1] Ironically, during a dream of Xander's, Giles had a close bond with Spike and decided to train him to be a watcher, claiming that "Spike was like a son to him." In his actual dream, however, Spike was displayed as  attention-obsessed, willingly selling himself for others to take never-ending pictures of him. When he had snarkily made insinuations of Giles being unnecessary, he was irritated by the insensitivity, remarking that he still believed Buffy should've killed him.[61] Apparently, however, Giles had watched several episodes of Passions with Spike during his period of unemployment. Looking back on it, Giles was deeply ashamed and horrified at how low he had sunk in his directionless life, preferring to never speak of it.[95] When Spike's infatuation with Buffy was revealed to the Scoobies, Giles reacted most angrily out of all of them because of his fatherly love for Buffy. He shoved Spike in the chest and insisted to him that they (Giles and the Scoobies) weren't his way to Buffy, ordering Spike to move on with his life.[46] Giles would also be slightly annoyed that Spike pronounced his name wrong in the first Buffybot.[2] When Buffy decided to use Spike to help her protect Dawn, Giles was against it and wanted him to leave, clearly distrusting. However, his protests were silenced and he reluctantly let it go.[65] The following year, Giles seemed to have allowed Spike to help take care of Dawn after Buffy's death. When Dawn was kidnapped by Sweet, Giles insisted that Buffy rescue her alone. Spike vehemently disagreed with him, and yelled at him for putting both Buffy and Dawn in danger, but Giles refused to listen, and stated that he never wanted to hear his input. Later, when Willow botched a spell and caused the Scoobies to lose their memories, Giles and Spike thought they were father and son because of their British accents. Ironically, Giles stated that Spike gave off an air of familiarity and disappointment to him. The two shared an awkward hug, and continued to believe they were related until the spell was broken. Giles returned to England shortly before Buffy began her sexual relationship with Spike, and returned after it had already ended, when there was a more problematic situation at hand. He expressed his worry to Buffy after Spike returned the following year, believing him dangerous despite the fact that he had regained his soul. He thought Spike was a distraction to Buffy, and that her feelings for him were clouding her judgment. After Spike's chip was removed, Giles reacted with anger, and conspired with Robin Wood to kill Spike. When Buffy found out, she quickly went to stop the plan. Giles' decision caused Buffy to distance herself from him for quite some time. Before the battle against Twilight, Giles mentioned Spike, signifying that although he didn't particularly like him, he did acknowledge him as one of Buffy's "truest loves." Spike and Giles fought side-by-side again during the battle with Twilight. Recently, the fact that Spike help Angel and Faith to eliminate Eyghon and allow his resurection had changed his opinion. The two developed a good friendship relation. Giles, like the others Scoobies, accept also the love relation with Buffy.
  • Maggie Walsh —  Giles had met Professor Walsh when he had decided to talk with her over Buffy. Their methods when it came to children greatly differed. Giles believed that it would be best to let them forge their own path in life while Walsh saw it as young people needing to be guided and controlled. She claimed Buffy's extreme independence and defiance was a product of an absent father figure. Being long established as a father figure to her, Giles was deeply offended by her remark. Naturally, he developed a dislike of the woman, insulting her as a "fishwife" later. In his Fyarl Demon form, Giles had paid Spike another hundred dollars to purposely scare and torment her as revenge. He would later tell Buffy "he hated her quite a bit."[18]

Other

  • Angel — Giles was understandably suspicious of Angel when he learned from Buffy that he was in fact a vampire. He had trouble believing that a vampire could want to help a Slayer, considering their generally soulless natures. Upon learning about Angel's curse, he regarded him with an even temper, and even commented that his love for Buffy was "rather poetic... in a maudlin sort of way." He treated Angel as a peer, and shared research material and prophecies with him, and allowed him to help the Scoobies.[96] Halfway through Buffy's Junior year, Angel's curse was broken and Angelus was left to terrorize Sunnydale.[53] During his torment of Buffy and her friends, he murdered Jenny, a teacher with whom Giles had fallen in love with. Giles was devastated to the point of irrationality, and set Angelus's warehouse lair on fire and attacked him with a flaming baseball bat before being disarmed by Angelus and rescued by Buffy.[15] When Angelus needed information, he was quick to capture Giles, at which time he was tortured for hours by both Angelus and Drusilla. After aligning herself with Spike, Buffy rescued him again, and sent Angel to Hell to save the world.[55] When he returned unexpectedly, Giles was understandably upset and wary. He kept a loaded crossbow on hand when talking to Angel, but still attempted to help him with his hallucinations. Once Giles accepted that Angel was no longer a danger, the two were able to reconcile to a certain extent.[16] When Angel visited Sunnydale to help Buffy during Thanksgiving, he seemed to have lost much of his animosity toward him, suggesting that it would be less cruel to Buffy if he allowed her to see him. While Giles did criticize him of his belief that it was his job to protect Buffy, he seemed to understand why as Angel had rightly pointed out both of them knew she was not helpless, but we're still protective of her all the same.[97] When Angel had called Giles for information on Faith, Giles had obliged and told him she had she left Sunnydale a week ago. However, Giles had withheld any specifics over what Faith had done to Buffy during her time there, and simply told Angel it was 'rough'.[98] Giles helped Angel twice during his time working at Wolfram & Hart; the first time, when the insane Slayer Dana was on the loose, Giles sent Andrew Wells to assist him,[24] while the second time, when Angel needed magical help to cure Fred that transformed her into Illyria, Giles insisted to them that Willow was unavailable.[99] On both occasions, it was suggested that Giles, like the other Scoobies, no longer trusted Angel due to his affiliation with Wolfram & Hart. During the battle against Twilight, Giles delved into the crater of Sunnydale to search for the Seed of Wonder, where they were met in combat by a Twilight-possessed Angel. While Buffy and Angel fought, Xander expressed to Giles that he shouldn't get between them. Giles responded: "...That's exactly where she needs me." He then took the scythe, but was stopped from approaching the seed by Twilight, who violently snapped his neck.[100] Afterward, Angel expressed an intense desire to bring Giles back to life. Though the use of Mohra Demon was out the question, it was later revealed that Angel could use a Tooth of Ammuk  to absorb fragments of Giles's soul into his body from various locations that were meaningful to the Watcher during his lifetime. As a result, Angel began taking on characteristics and mannerisms of Giles.[10][101] After a grueling effort of gathering pieces of Giles' soul, Angel and Faith successfully resurrect him... almost. Due to his aunt's envisioning of him as child, Giles had taken the form of his 12-year-old persona with all of his memories and experience of his true age intact. Shocked and extremely stressed with this development, he proceeded to criticize Angel for bringing him back like this. However, as he started to adjust, Giles agreed to help form a plan against Whistler and his followers. Eventually, he expressed sincere gratitude towards Angel for saving his soul from torment by Eyghon despite his disconnection from a world he felt no longer needed him. Giles made it clear to him and everyone that if he did die in this battle, he would accept it peacefully.[31] Once stopping Whistler and his global plague, Giles and Angel are on friendly terms and have mutual respect for each other. Before leaving, the two had a discussion about "helping the helpless" and Giles promised Angel he would let him know when or if there was ever a right time for him to see Buffy again.[34]
  • Riley Finn — On Buffy's 19th birthday party, Giles was acquainted with her new boyfriend Riley. Giles was slightly surprised and wary of this given his protectiveness over Buffy, but was polite and cordial nonetheless. However, Riley had inadvertently depressed Giles when he asked him if he had a job, reminding him again of his lack of direction and unemployment. Upon realizing that he was a part of The Initiative, Giles was cautious over his relationship with Buffy and warned her to be careful since the military facility was something neither of them truly understood.[18] When Riley's allegiances lay with Buffy and he separated himself from The Initiative due to the threat of Adam and the work they did, Giles' suspicions died down. He remained to have a polite and respectful relationship with each other, but Giles and Riley for the most part never shared an extremely close relationship. Riley had, however, "saved" him from Dracula's three brides and proceeded to tease him over how much control they had over him.[19] Following Riley's break-up with Buffy, Giles was sympathetic towards Buffy, but Giles really missed him. Riley and Giles left in good terms.
  • Andrew Wells — Giles and Andrew have the same relationship with Xander and Andrew. Giles at first didn't trust Andrew since working with Warren Mears. But they grew to trust each other. Just like Xander and Riley, Giles is like the father they always wanted and our good friend. He also trained Andrew to be a watcher like him after the war on the first.

Behind the Scenes

  • He was portrayed by Anthony Stewart Head.
  • Anthony Stewart Head was the very first actor to be cast in Buffy.
  • Giles was a fan of 60's rock band Cream. He owns their LP Disraeli Gears, and plays it for Joyce (specifically, the song "Tales of Brave Ulysses").[57] He later listens to the song again after Joyce's funeral.[102]
  • Giles also appeared to be a fan of The Who and Lynyrd Skynyrd. He performs an acoustic version of The Who's "Behind Blue Eyes" at a coffee shop,[36] and an acoustic version of Skynyrd's "Free Bird" at his house.[1] He was also a fan of David Bowie,[103] The Velvet Underground[104] and The Bay City Rollers.[88] Oz commented on his impressive record collection.
  • In "Band Candy" when Giles is magically transformed to his teenage personality, the accent he uses is Anthony Head's natural accent.
  • Giles plays a prominent role in the novel quadrilogy "The Lost Slayer", where Buffy is transferred into her body five years in the future by a powerful demonic spirit. In this future, Giles was turned into a vampire by minions of an ancient bat god, his human intellect and greater patience allowing him to become a vampire King, leading the vampires on a mass spree that results in the deaths of most of Sunnydale—including Anya and Joyce—trapping Angel in a mystical sphere with a stake in his heart—with the result that, while Angel is able to talk and think, the second he is removed from the sphere the stake will kill him—while keeping Buffy imprisoned in order to try and cut off the Slayer line. When Buffy escapes, Giles contemplates turning her, but despite his knowledge of her combat strategies, her greater speed from five years of training, coupled with Angel's sacrifice providing her with an extra weapon, allows Buffy to catch Giles off-guard and stake him. Buffy is later sent back in time and undoes Giles' capture and siring.
  • Shortly after Buffy ended its seven year televised run, there was talk of a Giles-based spin-off series for the BBC entitled Ripper. As of San Diego Comic-Con 2007, Joss Whedon confirmed that Ripper was still planned and in the pipeline.
  • Originally, Giles was set to appear in "A Hole in the World" as the one whom Angel and Spike approached in an attempt to save Fred, because Whedon needed a character who would be instantly believed both by the characters and by the audience when he said that there was no way to save Fred. As it was too expensive for Anthony Stewart Head to fly out to Los Angeles to guest-star, Whedon created Drogyn the Battlebrand, who was mystically compelled to tell the truth no matter what.
  • Writer of Ethan/Giles episode "A New Man" Jane Espenson opined that Giles and Ethan may have had some sexual history in their younger days.[105]
  • Giles's relationship with Ethan Rayne was similar to Angel's relationship with Spike.
  • Along with Buffy, Willow, Xander and Angel, he is one of only five characters to appear in both the premiere and series finale of Buffy: "Welcome to the Hellmouth" and "Chosen".
  • Giles was a regular character in the first five seasons of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and then appeared as a recurring character in following seasons, credited as "Special Guest Star". He appeared in 8 episodes of the sixth season and 13 episodes of the seventh. He overall appeared in a total of 121 episodes of the Buffyverse, all of which also featured Buffy, Willow and Xander. The only characters to appear in more episodes are Angel (167), Willow (147), Buffy (146), Cordelia (145), and Xander (144)
  • Additionally, during his regular seasons, Anthony Stewart Head was lastly credited in the opening as "And Anthony Stewart Head as Giles". For the sixth and seventh season, he was replaced by Alyson Hannigan.
  • In a 2011 interview, Whedon stated that his decision to kill off Giles could not be discussed in detail "because ripples from that event" will also be a large part of both Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine and Angel and Faith. However, he was able to explain other motivations; he felt that from a writing perspective, Giles did not work in the comic book medium where he had flourished on the television show. His primary roles—provider of narrative exposition and paternal figure—didn't work well in the comic book format. Whedon killed off Giles where he did so that it might have a greater effect on the coming season, "because [he] wanted to make all this matter. Also, because I'm kind of a prick.".[106]
  • Once resurected, Giles' child incarnation (a British young wizard) is strongly resemblant of both Harry Potter from the Harry Potter series of novels and films, and Tim Hunter from the Books of Magic series of comic books.

Appearances

Giles was a series regular on Buffy for the first five seasons (1997-2001). He disappeared from the opening credits but made guest appearances in Seasons Six and Seven. He appeared in 121 episodes in all.

Spike

Buffy Season 8

Angel & Faith

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Nine

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Ten

Willow: Wonderland


Other Appearances

Giles also appears in the Buffy expanded Universe. He appears in many Buffy comics/novels. Giles appears notably in Ring of Fire and Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Giles.

Gallery

Buffyverse The Rupert Giles article has a Photo Gallery.


See also


  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "The Yoko Factor"
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Intervention"
  3. 3.0 3.1 "No Place Like Home"
  4. 4.0 4.1 "The I in Team"
  5. Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season Eight motion comics
  6. "Never Kill a Boy on the First Date"
  7. Women of a Certain Age
  8. 8.0 8.1 "Daddy Issues, Part One"
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 "Dead Man's Party"
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 "Death and Consequences, Part Three"
  11. "Death and Consequences, Part Four"
  12. "Welcome to the Hellmouth"
  13. Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Giles
  14. "Reptile Boy"
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 "Passion"
  16. 16.0 16.1 "Amends"
  17. 17.0 17.1 Hush
  18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 "A New Man"
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Buffy vs. Dracula"
  20. 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 "The Gift"
  21. 21.0 21.1 21.2 "All the Way"
  22. 22.0 22.1 "Two to Go"
  23. 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Lies My Parents Told Me"
  24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 "Damage"
  25. "A Hole in the World"
  26. Safe
  27. 27.0 27.1 27.2 "Last Gleaming"
  28. 28.0 28.1 28.2 "Live Through This"
  29. 29.0 29.1 "Daddy Issues"
  30. "Death and Consequences, Part One"
  31. 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 "What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Two"
  32. "What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Three"
  33. "What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Four"
  34. 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 34.4 34.5 "What You Want, Not What You Need, Part Five"
  35. "Faith, Hope & Trick"
  36. 36.0 36.1 "Where the Wild Things Are"
  37. "Fear Itself"
  38. 38.0 38.1 38.2 "First Date"
  39. 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 "Checkpoint"
  40. "Band Candy"
  41. 41.0 41.1 "Primeval"
  42. "Fear, Itself"
  43. 43.0 43.1 "Gingerbread"
  44. 44.0 44.1 No Future For You
  45. 45.0 45.1 "Halloween"
  46. 46.0 46.1 46.2 46.3 "I Was Made to Love You"
  47. 47.0 47.1 47.2 "Tough Love"
  48. "The Long Way Home"
  49. 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 "Grave"
  50. "Relationship Status: Complicated, Part One"
  51. 'Daddy Issues, Part One
  52. "I, Robot... You, Jane"
  53. 53.0 53.1 "Innocence"
  54. "I Only Have Eyes for You"
  55. 55.0 55.1 "Becoming, Part Two"
  56. "Anne"
  57. 57.0 57.1 57.2 "Band Candy"
  58. "Earshot"
  59. "Who Are You"
  60. "Hush"
  61. 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 "Restless"
  62. "Love Dares You, Part One"
  63. 63.0 63.1 "Bad Girls"
  64. 64.0 64.1 "Helpless"
  65. 65.0 65.1 65.2 "Spiral"
  66. 66.0 66.1 66.2 "Bargaining, Part One"
  67. 67.0 67.1 67.2 67.3 "Flooded"
  68. "Life Serial"
  69. 69.0 69.1 "Tabula Rasa"
  70. 70.0 70.1 "Empty Places"
  71. 71.0 71.1 71.2 "No Future For You"
  72. "Retreat"
  73. "Doppelgangland"
  74. "Lessons"
  75. "Wolves at the Gate"
  76. "Family Reunion, Part One"
  77. "Beauty and the Beasts"
  78. 78.0 78.1 "The Replacement"
  79. "The Puppet Show"
  80. "Killed by Death"
  81. "City Of"
  82. Shadow
  83. "Safe"
  84. "Spike and Faith"
  85. "Never Kill a Boy on the First Date"
  86. 86.0 86.1 86.2 "Women of a Certain Age"
  87. "What You Want, Not What You Need"
  88. 88.0 88.1 "The Dark Age"
  89. 89.0 89.1 "Graduation Day, Part Two"
  90. "Revelations"
  91. "The Prom"
  92. "Something Blue"
  93. "Hush"
  94. A New Man'
  95. "Real Me"
  96. "Prophecy Girl"
  97. "Pangs"
  98. "Five by Five"
  99. "Shells"
  100. "Last Gleaming, Part Four"
  101. "Live Through This, Part Four"
  102. "Forever"
  103. "The Freshman"
  104. "The Harsh Light of Day"
  105. Ethan and Giles - sexual history?
  106. http://shelf-life.ew.com/2011/01/19/joss-whedon-buffy-season-8-comic-exclusive/ Joss Whedon talks to Entertainment Weekly